Therapeutic agents useful for treating pain

ABSTRACT

A compound of formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein Ar 1 , Ar 2 , V, X, R 3 , R 4 , and m are as disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (a “Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound”); compositions comprising an effective amount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound; and methods for treating or preventing, e.g., pain, UI, an ulcer, IBD, or IBS in an animal, comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an effective amount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound are disclosed herein.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional application No.60/477,744, filed Jun. 12, 2003, the disclosure of which is incorporatedby reference herein in its entirety.

1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds,compositions comprising an effective amount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound and methods for treating or preventing a condition such as paincomprising administering to an animal in need thereof an effectiveamount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

2. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Pain is the most common symptom for which patients seek medical adviceand treatment. Pain can be acute or chronic. While acute pain is usuallyself-limited, chronic pain persists for 3 months or longer and can leadto significant changes in a patient's personality, lifestyle, functionalability and overall quality of life (K. M. Foley, Pain, in CecilTextbook of Medicine 100-107 (J. C. Bennett and F. Plum eds., 20th ed.1996)).

Moreover, chronic pain can be classified as either nociceptive orneuropathic. Nociceptive pain includes tissue injury-induced pain andinflammatory pain such as that associated with arthritis. Neuropathicpain is caused by damage to the peripheral or cental nervous system andis maintained by aberrant somatosensory processing. There is a largebody of evidence relating activity at both Group I metabotropicglutamate receptors (mGluR1 and mGluR5) (M. E. Fundytus, CNS Drugs15:29-58 (2001)) and vanilloid receptors (VR1) (V. Di Marzo et al.,Current Opinion in Neurobiology 12:372-379 (2002)) to pain processing.Inhibiting mGluR1 or mGluR5 reduces pain, as shown by in vivo treatmentwith antibodies selective for either mGluR1 or mGluR5, where neuropathicpain in rats was attenuated (M. E. Fundytus et al., NeuroReport9:731-735 (1998)). It has also been shown that antisense oligonucleotideknockdown of mGluR1 alleviates both neuropathic and inflammatory pain(M. E. Fundytus et al., Brit. J. Pharmacol. 132:354-367 (2001); M. E.Fundytus et al., Pharmacol., Biochem. & Behavior 73:401-410 (2002)).Small molecule antagonists for mGluR5-attenuated pain in in vivo animalmodels are disclosed in, e.g., K. Walker et al., Neuropharmacol. 40:1-9(2000) and A. Dogrul et al., Neurosci. Let. 292:115-118 (2000)).

Nociceptive pain has been traditionally managed by administeringnon-opioid analgesics, such as acetylsalicylic acid, choline magnesiumtrisalicylate, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, fenoprofen, diflusinal, andnaproxen; or opioid analgesics, including morphine, hydromorphone,methadone, levorphanol, fentanyl, oxycodone, and oxymorphone. Id. Inaddition to the above-listed treatments, neuropathic pain, which can bedifficult to treat, has also been treated with anti-epileptics (e.g.,gabapentin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, topiramate, phenytoin), NMDAantagonists (e.g., ketamine, dextromethorphan), topical lidocaine (forpost-herpetic neuralgia), and tricyclic antidepressants (e.g.,fluoxetine, sertraline and amitriptyline).

UI is uncontrollable urination, generally caused bybladder-detrusor-muscle instability. UI affects people of all ages andlevels of physical health, both in health care settings and in thecommunity at large. Physiologic bladder contraction results in largepart from acetylcholine-induced stimulation of post-ganglionicmuscarinic-receptor sites on bladder smooth muscle. Treatments for UIinclude the administration of drugs having bladder-relaxant properties,which help to control bladder-detrusor-muscle overactivity. For example,anticholinergics such as propantheline bromide and glycopyrrolate, andcombinations of smooth-muscle relaxants such as a combination of racemicoxybutynin and dicyclomine or an anticholinergic, have been used totreat UI (See, e.g., A. J. Wein, Urol. Clin. N. Am. 22:557-577 (1995);Levin et al., J. Urol. 128:396-398 (1982); Cooke et al., S. Afr. Med. J.63:3 (1983); R. K. Mirakhur et al., Anaesthesia 38:1195-1204 (1983)).These drugs are not effective, however, in all patients havinguninhibited bladder contractions.

None of the existing commercial drug treatments for UI has achievedcomplete success in all classes of UI patients, nor has treatmentoccurred without significant adverse side effects. For example,drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, headaches,tachycardia, and cardiac arrhythmia, which are related to theanticholinergic activity of traditional anti-UI drugs, can occurfrequently and adversely affect patient compliance. Yet despite theprevalence of unwanted anticholinergic effects in many patients,anticholinergic drugs are currently prescribed for patients having UI.The Merck Manual of Medical Information 631-634 (R. Berkow ed., 1997).

Ulcers are sores occurring where the lining of the digestive tract hasbeen eroded by stomach acids or digestive juices. The sores aretypically well-defined round or oval lesions primarily occurring in thestomach and duodenum. About 1 in 10 people develop an ulcer. Ulcersdevelop as a result of an imbalance between acid-secretory factors, alsoknown as “aggressive factors,” such as stomach acid, pepsin, andHelicobacter pylori infection, and local mucosal-protective factors,such as secretion of bicarbonate, mucus, and prostaglandins.

Treatment of ulcers typically involves reducing or inhibiting theaggressive factors. For example, antacids such as aluminum hydroxide,magnesium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium bicarbonate can beused to neutralize stomach acids. Antacids, however, can causealkalosis, leading to nausea, headache, and weakness. Antacids can alsointerfere with the absorption of other drugs into the blood stream andcause diarrhea.

H₂ antagonists, such as cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, andnizatidine, are also used to treat ulcers. H₂ antagonists promote ulcerhealing by reducing gastric acid and digestive-enzyme secretion elicitedby histamine and other H₂ agonists in the stomach and duodenum. H₂antagonists, however, can cause breast enlargement and impotence in men,mental changes (especially in the elderly), headache, dizziness, nausea,myalgia, diarrhea, rash, and fever.

H⁺, K⁺—ATPase inhibitors such as omeprazole and lansoprazole are alsoused to treat ulcers. H⁺, K⁺—ATPase inhibitors inhibit the production ofenzymes used by the stomach to secrete acid. Side effects associatedwith H⁺, K⁺—ATPase inhibitors include nausea, diarrhea, abdominal colic,headache, dizziness, somnolence, skin rashes, and transient elevationsof plasma activities of aminotransferases.

Sucraflate is also used to treat ulcers. Sucraflate adheres toepithelial cells and is believed to form a protective coating at thebase of an ulcer to promote healing. Sucraflate, however, can causeconstipation, dry mouth, and interfere with the absorption of otherdrugs.

Antibiotics are used when Helicobacter pylori is the underlying cause ofthe ulcer. Often antibiotic therapy is coupled with the administrationof bismuth compounds such as bismuth subsalicylate and colloidal bismuthcitrate. The bismuth compounds are believed to enhance secretion ofmucous and HCO₃ ⁻, inhibit pepsin activity, and act as an antibacterialagainst H. pylori. Ingestion of bismuth compounds, however, can lead toelevated plasma concentrations of Bi⁺³ and can interfere with theabsorption of other drugs.

Prostaglandin analogues, such as misoprostal, inhibit secretion of acidand stimulate the secretion of mucous and bicarbonate and are also usedto treat ulcers, especially ulcers in patients who require nonsteroidalanti-inflammatory drugs. Effective oral doses of prostaglandinanalogues, however, can cause diarrhea and abdominal cramping. Inaddition, some prostaglandin analogues are abortifacients.

Carbenoxolone, a mineral corticoid, can also be used to treat ulcers.Carbenoxolone appears to alter the composition and quantity of mucous,thereby enhancing the mucosal barrier. Carbenoxolone, however, can leadto Na⁺ and fluid retention, hypertension, hypokalemia, and impairedglucose tolerance.

Muscarinic cholinergic antagonists such as pirenzapine and telenzapinecan also be used to reduce acid secretion and treat ulcers. Side effectsof muscarinic cholinergic antagonists include dry mouth, blurred vision,and constipation. The Merck Manual of Medical Information 496-500 (R.Berkow ed., 1997) and Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis ofTherapeutics 901-915 (J. Hardman and L. Limbird eds., 9^(th) ed. 1996).

Inflammatory-bowel disease (“IBD”) is a chronic disorder in which thebowel becomes inflamed, often causing recurring abdominal cramps anddiarrhea. The two types of IBD are Crohn's disease and ulcerativecolitis.

Crohn's disease, which can include regional enteritis, granulomatousileitis, and ileocolitis, is a chronic inflammation of the intestinalwall. Crohn's disease occurs equally in both sexes and is more common inJews of eastern-European ancestry. Most cases of Crohn's disease beginbefore age 30 and the majority start between the ages of 14 and 24. Thedisease typically affects the full thickness of the intestinal wall.Generally the disease affects the lowest portion of the small intestine(ileum) and the large intestine, but can occur in any part of thedigestive tract.

Early symptoms of Crohn's disease are chronic diarrhea, crampy abdominalpain, fever, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Complications associatedwith Crohn's disease include the development of intestinal obstructions,abnormal connecting channels (fistulas), and abscesses. The risk ofcancer of the large intestine is increased in people who have Crohn'sdisease. Often Crohn's disease is associated with other disorders suchas gallstones, inadequate absorption of nutrients, amyloidosis,arthritis, episcleritis, aphthous stomatitis, erythema nodosum, pyodermagangrenosum, ankylosing spondylitis, sacroilitis, uveitis, and primarysclerosing cholangitis. There is no known cure for Crohn's disease.

Cramps and diarrhea, side effects associated with Crohn's disease, canbe relieved by anticholinergic drugs, diphenoxylate, loperamide,deodorized opium tincture, or codeine. Generally, the drug is takenorally before a meal.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are often administered to treat the symptomsof Crohn's disease. The antibiotic metronidazole is often administeredwhen the disease affects the large intestine or causes abscesses andfistulas around the anus. Long-term use of metronidazole, however, candamage nerves, resulting in pins-and-needles sensations in the arms andlegs. Sulfasalazine and chemically related drugs can suppress mildinflammation, especially in the large intestine. These drugs, however,are less effective in sudden, severe flare-ups. Corticosteroids, such asprednisone, reduce fever and diarrhea and relieve abdominal pain andtenderness. Long-term corticosteroid therapy, however, invariablyresults in serious side effects such as high blood-sugar levels,increased risk of infection, osteoporosis, water retention, andfragility of the skin. Drugs such as azathioprine and mercaptourine cancompromise the immune system and are often effective for Crohn's diseasein patients that do not respond to other drugs. These drugs, however,usually need 3 to 6 months before they produce benefits and can causeserious side effects such as allergy, pancreatitis, and lowwhite-blood-cell count.

When Crohn's disease causes the intestine to be obstructed or whenabscesses or fistulas do not heal, surgery can be necessary to removediseased sections of the intestine. Surgery, however, does not cure thedisease, and inflammation tends to recur where the intestine isrejoined. In almost half of the cases a second operation is needed. TheMerck Manual of Medical Information 528-530 (R. Berkow ed., 1997).

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease in which the large intestinebecomes inflamed and ulcerated, leading to episodes of bloody diarrhea,abdominal cramps, and fever. Ulcerative colitis usually begins betweenages 15 and 30; however, a small group of people have their first attackbetween ages 50 and 70. Unlike Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis neveraffects the small intestine and does not affect the full thickness ofthe intestine The disease usually begins in the rectum and the sigmoidcolon and eventually spreads partially or completely throughout thelarge intestine. The cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown.

Treatment of ulcerative colitis is directed to controlling inflammation,reducing symptoms, and replacing lost fluids and nutrients.Anticholinergic drugs and low doses of diphenoxylate or loperamide areadministered for treating mild diarrhea. For more intense diarrheahigher doses of diphenoxylate or loperamide, or deodorized opiumtincture or codeine are administered. Sulfasalazine, olsalazine,prednisone, or mesalamine can be used to reduce inflammation.Azathioprine and mercaptopurine have been used to maintain remissions inulcerative-colitis patients who would otherwise need long-termcorticosteroid treatment. In severe cases of ulcerative colitis thepatient is hospitalized and given corticosteroids intravenously. Peoplewith severe rectal bleeding can require transfusions and intravenousfluids. If toxic colitis develops and treatments fail, surgery to removethe large intestine can be necessary. Non-emergency surgery can beperformed if cancer is diagnosed, precancerous lesions are detected, orunremitting chronic disease would otherwise make the person an invalidor dependent on high doses of corticosteroids. Complete removal of thelarge intestine and rectum permanently cures ulcerative colitis. TheMerck Manual of Medical Information 530-532 (R. Berkow ed., 1997) andGoodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (J.Hardman and L. Limbird eds., 9^(th) ed. 1996).

Irritable-bowel syndrome (“IBS”) is a disorder of motility of the entiregastrointestinal tract, causing abdominal pain, constipation, and/ordiarrhea. IBS affects three-times more women than men. In IBS stimulisuch as stress, diet, drugs, hormones, or irritants can cause thegastrointestinal tract to contract abnormally. During an episode of IBS,contractions of the gastrointestinal tract become stronger and morefrequent, resulting in the rapid transit of food and feces through thesmall intestine, often leading to diarrhea. Cramps result from thestrong contractions of the large intestine and increased sensitivity ofpain receptors in the large intestine.

There are two major types of IBS. The first type, spastic-colon type, iscommonly triggered by eating, and usually produces periodic constipationand diarrhea with pain. Mucous often appears in the stool. The pain cancome in bouts of continuous dull aching pain or cramps, usually in thelower abdomen. The person suffering from spastic-colon type MS can alsoexperience bloating, gas, nausea, headache, fatigue, depression,anxiety, and difficulty concentrating. The second type of IBS usuallyproduces painless diarrhea or constipation. The diarrhea can beginsuddenly and with extreme urgency. Often the diarrhea occurs soon aftera meal and can sometimes occur immediately upon awakening.

Treatment of IBS typically involves modification of an IBS-patient'sdiet. Often it is recommended that an IBS patient avoid beans, cabbage,sorbitol, and fructose. A low-fat, high-fiber diet can also help someIBS patients. Regular physical activity can also help keep thegastrointestinal tract functioning properly. Drugs such as propanthelinethat slow the function of the gastrointestinal tract are generally noteffective for treating IBS. Antidiarrheal drugs, such as diphenoxylateand loperamide, help with diarrhea. The Merck Manual of MedicalInformation 525-526 (R. Berkow ed., 1997).

Certain pharmaceutical agents have been administered for treatingaddiction. U.S. Pat. No. 5,556,838 to Mayer et al. discloses the use ofnontoxic NMDA-blocking agents co-administered with an addictivesubstance to prevent the development of tolerance or withdrawalsymptoms. U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,052 to Rose et al. disclosesco-administration of an addictive substance with an antagonist topartially block the pharmacological effects of the addictive substance.U.S. Pat. No. 5,075,341 to Mendelson et al. discloses the use of a mixedopiate agonist/antagonist to treat cocaine and opiate addiction. U.S.Pat. No. 5,232,934 to Downs discloses administration of3-phenoxypyridine to treat addiction. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,039,680 and5,198,459 to Imperato et al. disclose using a serotonin antagonist totreat chemical addiction. U.S. Pat. No. 5,556,837 to Nestler et. al.discloses infusing BDNF or NT-4 growth factors to inhibit or reverseneurological adaptive changes that correlate with behavioral changes inan addicted individual. U.S. Pat. No. 5,762,925 to Sagan disclosesimplanting encapsulated adrenal medullary cells into an animal's centralnervous system to inhibit the development of opioid tolerance. U.S. Pat.No. 6,204,284 to Beer et al. discloses racemic(±)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane for use in theprevention or relief of a withdrawal syndrome resulting from addictionto drugs and for the treatment of chemical dependencies.

Without treatment, Parkinson's disease progresses to a rigid akineticstate in which patients are incapable of caring for themselves. Deathfrequently results from complications of immobility, includingaspiration pneumonia or pulmonary embolism. Drugs commonly used for thetreatment of Parkinson's disease include carbidopa/levodopa, pergolide,bromocriptine, selegiline, amantadine, and trihexyphenidylhydrochloride. There remains, however, a need for drugs useful for thetreatment of Parkinson's disease and having an improved therapeuticprofile.

Currently, benzodiazepines are the most commonly used anti-anxietyagents for generalized anxiety disorder. Benzodiazepines, however, carrythe risk of producing impairment of cognition and skilled motorfunctions, particularly in the elderly, which can result in confusion,delerium, and falls with fractures. Sedatives are also commonlyprescribed for treating anxiety. The azapirones, such as buspirone, arealso used to treat moderate anxiety. The azapirones, however, are lessuseful for treating severe anxiety accompanied with panic attacks.

Examples of drugs for treating a seizure and epilepsy includecarbamazepine, ethosuximide, gabapentin, lamotrigine, phenobarbital,phenytoin, primidone, valproic acid, trimethadione, benzodiazepines,γ-vinyl GABA, acetazolamide, and felbamate. Anti-seizure drugs, however,can have side effects such as drowsiness; hyperactivity; hallucinations;inability to concentrate; central and peripheral nervous systemtoxicity, such as nystagmus, ataxia, diplopia, and vertigo; gingivalhyperplasia; gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting,epigastric pain, and anorexia; endocrine effects such as inhibition ofantidiuretic hormone, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, osteomalacia; andhypersensitivity such as scarlatiniform rash, morbilliform rash,Stevens-Johnson syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and hepaticnecrosis; and hematological reactions such as red-cell aplasia,agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, and megaloblasticanemia. The Merck Manual of Medical Information 345-350 (R. Berkow ed.,1997).

Symptoms of strokes vary depending on what part of the brain isaffected. Symptoms include loss or abnormal sensations in an arm or legor one side of the body, weakness or paralysis of an arm or leg or oneside of the body, partial loss of vison or hearing, double vision,dizziness, slurred speech, difficulty in thinking of the appropriateword or saying it, inability to recognize parts of the body, unusualmovements, loss of bladder control, imbalance, and falling, andfainting. The symptoms can be permanent and can be associated with comaor stupor. Examples of drugs for treating strokes include anticoagulantssuch as heparin, drugs that break up clots such as streptokinase ortissue plasminogen activator, and drugs that reduce swelling such asmannitol or corticosteroids. The Merck Manual of Medical Information352-355 (R. Berkow ed., 1997).

Pruritus is an unpleasant sensation that prompts scratching.Conventionally, pruritus is treated by phototherapy with ultraviolet Bor PUVA or with therapeutic agents such as naltrexone, nalmefene,danazol, tricyclics, and antidepressants.

Selective antagonists of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5(“mGluR5”) have been shown to exert analgesic activity in in vivo animalmodels (K. Walker et al., Neuropharmacol. 40:1-9 (2000) and A. Dogrul etal., Neurosci. Let. 292(2):115-118 (2000)).

Selective antagonists of the mGluR5 receptor have also been shown toexert anxiolytic and anti-depressant activity in in vivo animal models(E. Tatarczynska et al., Brit. J. Pharmacol. 132(7):1423-1430 (2001) andP. J. M. Will et al., Trends in Pharmacological Sci. 22(7):331-37(2001)).

Selective antagonists of the mGluR5 receptor have also been shown toexert anti-Parkinson activity in vivo (K. J. Ossowska et al.,Neuropharmacol. 41(4):413-20 (2001) and P. J. M. Will et al., Trends inPharmacological Sci. 22(7):331-37 (2001)).

Selective antagonists of the mGluR5 receptor have also been shown toexert anti-dependence activity in vivo (C. Chiamulera et al., NatureNeurosci. 4(9):873-74 (2001)).

U.S. published patent application no. US 2002/0091116 to Zhu et al.describes a class of compounds useful as selective inhibitors ofisolated factor Xa or useful when assembled in the prothrombinasecomplex.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,474,996 to Caille et al. describes a class of pyrimidinederivatives having angiotensin II inhibiting activity.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,063,930 to Dinsmore et al. describes a class ofcompounds that are useful for inhibiting farnesyl-protein transferaseand for the farnesylation of Ras, an oncogene protein.

Citation of any reference in Section 2 of this application is not to beconstrued as an admission that such reference is prior art to thepresent application.

3. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention encompasses compounds of formula:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein

Ar¹ is

Ar² is

V is N or CH;

X is O or S;

R₁ is —H, -halo, —(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, —NH₂, C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo);

each R₂ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to        10-membered)heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or        substituted with one or more R₆ groups;

each R₃ is independently:

(a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,

-   -   (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C ₁₄)bicycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to 10-membered)        heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with        one or more R₆ groups;

R₄ is —H or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

each R₅ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇,—SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₆ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH,-halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₇ is independently —H, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or CH₂(halo);

each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, —S(O)₂R₇, —R₇OR₇, —R₇COR₇, —R₇C(O)OR₇, —R₇OC(O)R₇, —R₇OC(O)OR₇,—R₇SR₇, —R₇S(O)R₇, —R₇S(O)₂R₇, —C(halo)₂C(halo)₃, —C(halo)₂CH(halo)₂,—CH(C(halo)₃)₂, —CH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —OC(halo)₂C(halo)₃,—OC(halo)₂CH(halo)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —C(OH)(CF₃)₂,—(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, or -(3- to 7-membered)heterocycle;

each R₉ is independently —H, -halo, or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

each R₁₁ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, or —OC(O)OR₇;

Y₁ and Y₂ are —CH₂— and —CH₂—, —O— and —O—, —NH— and —NH—, —S— and —S—,CH₂— and —O—, —CH₂— and —NH—, —CH₂— and —S—, —O— and —CH₂—, —NH— and—CH₂—, —S— and —CH₂—, and —CH₂—, —O— and —NH—, —NH— and —O—, —S— and—NH—, or —NH— and —S— respectively;

each halo is independently —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I;

m is 0 or 1 and when m is 1, R₃ is attached to the 2-, 3-, 5-, or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring;

n is an integer ranging from 0 to 3;

p is an integer ranging from 0 to 2;

q is an integer ranging from 0 to 6;

r is an integer ranging from 0 to 5; and

s is an integer ranging from 0 to 4.

The present invention encompasses compounds of formula:

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein

Ar¹ is

Ar² is

V is N or CH;

R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, —NH₂, C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo);

each R₂ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to        10-membered)heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or        substituted with one or more R₆ groups;

each R₃ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to 10-membered)        heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with        one or more R₆ groups;

each R₅ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇,—SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₆ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH,-halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₇ is independently —H, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or CH₂(halo);

each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₁₁ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, or —OC(O)OR₇;

each halo is independently —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I;

m is 0 or 1 and when m is 1, R₃ is attached to the 2-, 3-, 5-, or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring;

n is an integer ranging from 0 to 3;

p is an integer ranging from 0 to 2;

q is an integer ranging from 0 to 6;

r is an integer ranging from 0 to 5; and

s is an integer ranging from 0 to 4.

A Compound of Formula (I) or (IA) or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof (a “Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound”), is useful for treating orpreventing pain, UI, an ulcer, IBD, IBS, an addictive disorder,Parkinson's disease, parkinsonism, anxiety, epilepsy, stroke, a seizure,a pruritic condition, psychosis, a cognitive disorder, a memory deficit,restricted brain function, Huntington's chorea, ALS, dementia,retinopathy, a muscle spasm, a migraine, vomiting, dyskinesia, ordepression (each being a “Condition”) in an animal.

The invention also relates to compositions comprising an effectiveamount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound and a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier or excipient. The compositions are useful fortreating or preventing a Condition in an animal.

The invention further relates to methods for treating a Condition,comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an effectiveamount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

The invention further relates to methods for preventing a Condition,comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an effectiveamount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

The invention still further relates to methods for inhibiting VanilloidReceptor 1 (“VR1”) function in a cell, comprising contacting a cellcapable of expressing VR1 with an effective amount of aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

The invention still further relates to a method for preparing acomposition, comprising the step of admixing a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

The invention still further relates to a kit comprising a containercontaining an effective amount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound. Thekit may further comprise printed instructions for using theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound to treat any of the aforementionedConditions.

The present invention can be understood more fully by reference to thefollowing detailed description and illustrative examples, which areintended to exemplify non-limiting embodiments of the invention.

4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 4.1 CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYLCOMPOUNDS 4.1.1 CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUNDS OF FORMULA (I)

The present invention encompasses Compounds of Formula (I)

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, where V, X, Ar¹, Ar², R₃,R₄, and m are defined above for the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds ofFormula (I).

In one embodiment, each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,—(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN,—OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, —S(O)₂R₇, —R₇OR₇, —R₇COR₇,—R₇C(O)OR₇, —R₇OC(O)R₇, —R₇OC(O)OR₇, —R₇SR₇, —R₇S(O)R₇, —R₇S(O)₂R₇,—C(halo)₂C(halo)₃, —C(halo)₂CH(halo)₂, —CH(C(halo)₃)₂,—CH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —OC(halo)₂C(halo)₃, —OC(halo)₂CH(halo)₂,—OCH(C(halo)₃)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —C(OH)(CF₃)₂, —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, or-(3- to 7-membered)heterocycle.

In another embodiment, R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃,—NH₂, C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo).

In another embodiment, Ar² is

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is

In another embodiment, Ar² is

and Ar¹ is

In another embodiment, each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,—(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN,—OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

and each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is

and each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

and each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇,—C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇.

In another embodiment, R₄ is —H.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

and R₄ is —H.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is

and R₄ is —H.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

Ar¹ is

and R₄ is —H.

In another embodiment, R₄ is —H and each R₈ is independently—(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,—(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN,—OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇, and

R₄ is —H.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is

each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇, and

R₄ is —H.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is

Ar¹ is

each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇, and R₄ is —H.

In another embodiment, R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃,—NH₂, C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo); and Ar² is

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is

and R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, —NH₂, C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo).

In another embodiment, Ar² is

Ar¹ is

and R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, —NH₂, C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo).

In another embodiment, R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃,—NH₂, C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo); and each R₈ is independently—(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,—(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN,—OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇; and R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃,—NH₂, C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo).

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is

R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, —NH₂, C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo); and each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,—(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN,—OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, or S(O)₂R₇; Ar¹ is

and R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, —NH₂, C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo).

In another embodiment, R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃,—NH₂, C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo); and R₄ is —H.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, —NH₂, C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo); and R₄ is —H.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is

R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, —NH₂, C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo); and R₄ is —H.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

Ar¹ is

R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, —NH₂, C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo); and R₄ is —H.

In another embodiment, R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃,—NH₂, C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo); R₄ is —H; and each R₈ isindependently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkynyl,—(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, —C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇,—NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or—S(O)₂R₇.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇; R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃,—NH₂, C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo); and R₄ is —H.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is

R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, —NH₂, C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo); each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,—(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN,—OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇, and R₄ is —H.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇; Ar¹ is

and R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂,or —CH₂(halo).

In one embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyrimidyl group

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyrazinyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridazinyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a thiadiazolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is

In another embodiment, V is N.

In another embodiment, V is CH.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group, a5-benzodithiolyl group, a 5-dihydroindenyl group, a5-dihydrobenzoimidazolyl group, a 6-dihydrobenzofuranyl group, a5-dihydrobenzofuranyl group, a 6-indolinyl group, a 5-indolinyl group, a6-dihydrobenzothiopheneyl group, a 5-dihydrobenzothiopheneyl group, a5-dihydrobenzooxazolyl group, a 6-dihydrobenzooxazolyl group, a5-dihydrobenzothiazolyl group, or a 6-dihydrobenzothiazolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group, a5-benzodithiolyl group, a 5-dihydroindenyl group, a5-dihydrobenzoimidazolyl group, a 6-dihydrobenzofuranyl group, a5-dihydrobenzofuranyl group, a 6-indolinyl group, a 5-indolinyl group, a6-dihydrobenzothiopheneyl group, or a 5-dihydrobenzothiopheneyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a 5-dihydroindenyl group, a5-dihydrobenzoimidazolyl group, a 5-benzodioxolyl group, or a5-benzodithiolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group or a5-benzodithiolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a 5-benzodithiolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

In another embodiment, Ar² is

In another embodiment, Ar² is

In another embodiment, Ar² is

In another embodiment, Ar² is

In another embodiment, Ar² is

In another embodiment, p or n is 0.

In another embodiment, p or n is 1.

In another embodiment, m is 0.

In another embodiment, m is 0 and V is N.

In another embodiment, m is 0 and V is CH.

In another embodiment, m is 1.

In another embodiment, m is 1 and V is N.

In another embodiment, m is 1 and V is CH.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

and s is 1.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

and q is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

and q is 1.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

and r is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

and r is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group and s is 1.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group and s is 1.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group and s is 1.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group and each R₉ is —H.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group and each R₉ is —F.

In another embodiment, R₁ is —H.

In another embodiment, R₁ is -halo.

In another embodiment, R₁ is —(C₁-C₄)alkyl.

In another embodiment, R₁ is —CH₃ or —CH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, R₁ is —CH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, R₁ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, R₁ is —NO₂.

In another embodiment, R₁ is —CN.

In another embodiment, R₁ is —OH.

In another embodiment, R₁ is —OCH₃.

In another embodiment, R₁ is —NH₂.

In another embodiment, R₁ is —C(halo)₃.

In another embodiment, R₁ is —CH(halo)₂.

In another embodiment, R₁ is —CH₂(halo).

In another embodiment, n or p is 1 and R₂ is -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or—NH₂.

In another embodiment, n or p is 1 and R₂ is —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl,—(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to 10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, eachof which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R₅ groups.

In another embodiment, n or p is 1 and R₂ is -phenyl, -naphthyl,—(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to 10-membered)heteroaryl, each of which isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more R₆ groups.

In another embodiment, m is 1, R₃ is attached to the 2-, 3-, 5-, or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring, and R₃ is -halo, —CN, —OH,—NO₂, or —NH₂;

In another embodiment, m is 1, R₃ is attached to the 2-, 3-, 5-, or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring, and R₃ is —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl,—(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to 10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, eachof which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R₅ groups.

In another embodiment, m is 1, R₃ is attached to the 2-, 3-, 5-, or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring, and R₃ is -phenyl,-naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to 10-membered)heteroaryl, each of whichis unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R₆ groups.

In another embodiment, m is 1, R₃ is attached to the 2-, 3-, 5-, or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring, and R₃ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, R₄ is —H.

In another embodiment, R₄ is —(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

In another embodiment, R₄ is ethyl.

In another embodiment, R₄ is methyl.

In another embodiment, R₄ is —H or methyl.

In another embodiment, each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,—(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -(3- to 7-membered)heterocycle, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —R₇C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇,—R₇OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —R₇OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇.

In another embodiment, each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,—(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN,—OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, —S(O)₂R₇, or —C(halo)₂C(halo)₃.

In another embodiment, Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group, benzoimidazolylgroup, or benzooxazolyl group and each R₈ is independently —H, halo,—(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —O(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo).

In another embodiment, Ar² is

and each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, —S(O)₂R₇, —C(halo)₂C(halo)₃, —C(halo)₂CH(halo)₂,—CH(C(halo)₃)₂, —CH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —OC(halo)₂C(halo)₃,—OC(halo)₂CH(halo)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), or—C(OH)(CF₃)₂.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

and each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, —S(O)₂R₇, —C(halo)₂C(halo)₃, —C(halo)₂CH(halo)₂,—CH(C(halo)₃)₂, —CH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —OC(halo)₂C(halo)₃,—OC(halo)₂CH(halo)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), or—C(OH)(CF₃)₂.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

and each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, —S(O)₂R₇, —C(halo)₂C(halo)₃, —C(halo)₂CH(halo)₂,—CH(C(halo)₃)₂, —CH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —OC(halo)₂C(halo)₃,—OC(halo)₂CH(halo)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), or—C(OH)(CF₃)₂.

In another embodiment, Ar² is

and each R₁, is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, or —OC(O)OR₇.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; m is 0, and Ar²is a benzothiazolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and sis 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 1. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF_(3;) Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is1; and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1;and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-. 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group, V is CH; m is 0, and Ar²is a benzothiazolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; R₈ s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF_(3;) Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group;and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 1. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is1; and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is CH₃; R₁ is —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1;and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration Tn anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group, V is N; m is 0, and Ar²is a benzoimidazolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; andR₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; R₈ s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; andR₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; andR₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; andR₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; andR₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; andR₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF_(3;) Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group;and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 5- or 6-position ofthe cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ groupis attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 1. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1;and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is1; and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is1; and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, ⁵⁻ or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group, V is CH; m is 0, and Ar²is a benzoimidazolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; andR₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; R₈ s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; andR₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; andR₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; andR₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; andR₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; andR₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F_(;) Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br_(;) Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I_(;) Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF_(3;) Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group;and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; and s is 1. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1;and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is CH₃; R₁ is —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1;and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is1; and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzoimidazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group, V is N; m is 0, and Ar²is a benzooxazolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; R₈ s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl_(;) Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I_(;) Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF_(3;) Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; ands is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(netero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 1. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is1; and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is1; and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ isIn another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetro)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ isIn another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

n another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1; R₃is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and. R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1;and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group, V is CH; m is 0, and Ar²is a benzooxazolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; R₈ s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F—Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group s is 1; and R₈ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —CF₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F_(;) Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl_(;) Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br_(;) Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I_(;) Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF_(3;) Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; ands is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 0. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; and s is 1. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is1; and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is CH₃; R₁ is —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1;and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ isIn another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3- of the , 5- or 6-positioncyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1;and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is—OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; sis 1; and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzooxazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, V is N, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group, m is 0, and Ar²is

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

and r is O.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

and r is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar¹ is

and r is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

and r is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

and r is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

and r is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar¹ is

and r is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-positionof the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-positionof the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-positionof the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-positionof the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-positionof the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-positionof the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar is

r is 1 and R₈ is chloro. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-positionof the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F_(;) Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br_(;) Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I_(;) Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF_(3;) Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

and r is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

and r is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

and r is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

and r is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

and r is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

and r is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R¹ is —CF₃; Ar² is

and r is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R¹ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R¹ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R¹ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃, Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃, Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is

r is 1; and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH3; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃ Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar¹ is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F_(;) Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br_(;) Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, V is CH, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group, m is 0, and Ar²is

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

and r is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

and r is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

and r is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

and r is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

and r is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

and r is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

and r is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-positionof the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-positionof the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-positionof the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-positionof the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-positionof the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-positionof the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is chloro. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-positionof the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position ofthe phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tent-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F_(; Ar) ² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH_(3; Ar 2) is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

and r is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

and r is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

and r is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

and r is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

and r is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

and r is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

and r is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl_(,) —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar¹ is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is

r is 1; and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is —OCH₂CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF_(3;) Ar² is

r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the4-position of the phenyl ring.

In another embodiment, V is N, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group, m is 0, and Ar²is

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is chloro. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF_(3;) Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃, Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃, Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is

s is 1; and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH3; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF_(3;) Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -cert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, V is CH, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group, m is 0, and Ar²is

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃;

Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar¹ is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; AR² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar²

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is chloro. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar²is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position ofthe Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-positionof the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F_(; Ar) ² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is Ar² is

and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position ofthe cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ groupis attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

and s is 0. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to R₃ group is attachedhas the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.T_(n) another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ iS —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Lnanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is

s is 1; and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R3 group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. hianother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the 5-position of the Ar² pyridylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.in another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. h another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br_(;) Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring andthe carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. in another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom tO which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF_(3;) Ar² is

s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, R₈ is at the5-position of the Ar² pyridyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; m is 0, and Ar²is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group and each R₉ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉is -ethyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -ethyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -ethyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -ethyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -ethyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -ethyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -ethyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉is -isopropyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -isopropyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -isopropyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -isopropyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -isopropyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -isopropyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -isopropyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl; —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; R₉ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F_(;) Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br_(;) Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF_(3;) Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolylgroup. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ groupis attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S)configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ groupis attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S)configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ groupis attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S)configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ groupis attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S)configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ groupis attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S)configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ groupis attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S)configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group;and each R₉ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecycio(hetero)aikenyi ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyi ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group;and each R₉ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ai¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group;and each R₉ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —F.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecycio(hetero)alkenyi ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —F.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; andeach R₉ is In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5-or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group;and each R₉ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —I.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atomtoo which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —I.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group;and each R₉ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group;and each R₉ is -ethyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attachedto the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-ethyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-ethyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-ethyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-ethyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-ethyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-ethyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group;and each R₉ is -isopropyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-isopropyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-isopropyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-isopropyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-isopropyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(ht)yl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attachedhas the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-isopropyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-isopropyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, -CI, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group;and each R₉ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ iscert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group, V is CH; m is 0, and Ar²is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH: n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —F.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group and each R₉ is -Cl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl, —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉is —I.

in another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —I.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —CH₃.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉is -ethyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyi group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -ethyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -ethyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -ethyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -ethyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -ethyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -ethyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉is -isopropyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -isopropyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -isopropyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -isopropyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -isopropyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -isopropyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -isopropyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; each R₉ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is -tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH_(3;) Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF_(3;) Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-tert-butyl.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Br, or —I; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theR₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ groupis attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S)configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ groupis attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S)configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ groupis attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S)configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ groupis attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S)configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ groupis attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S)configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; and Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ groupis attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S)configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group;and each R₉ is -halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-halo. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, -CI, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group;and each R₉ is —Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R ₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R _(i) is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Br. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group;and each R₉ is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —F.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —F.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R_(i) is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉is —F. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is CH₃; R₁ is —Cl, —F —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; andeach R₉ is —Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—Cl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero(alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Br, or —I, Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; andeach R₉ is —I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —I.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is —I.In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—I. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. hi yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group;and each R₉ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is—CH₃. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. Inanother embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1; R₃is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; andeach R₉ is -ethyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached tothe 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. Inanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-positionof the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-ethyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-ethyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-ethyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-ethyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-ethyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. hi anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, AP is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-ethyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to whichthe R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group;and each R₉ is -isopropyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-isopropyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-isopropyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-isopropyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-isopropyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-isopropyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-isopropyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group;and each R₉ is -tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (R)configuration. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the3-, 5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbonatom to which the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration. In yetanother embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —F; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —I; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is CH; n is 0; m is 1;R₃ is —CH₃; R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a 5-benzodioxolyl group; and each R₉ is-tert-butyl. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-,5- or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the 3-, 5- or 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and the carbon atom to which the R₃ group isattached has the (S) configuration. In yet another embodiment, the R₃group is attached to the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring.

In the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds that have an R₃ group, the R₃group can be attached to the carbon at the 2-, 3-, 5- or 6-position ofthe cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In one embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the carbon at the 3- position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring. In another embodiment, the R₃ group is attached to the carbon atthe 5-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment,the R₃ group is attached to the carbon at the 6-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. In another embodiment, the R₃ group isattached to the carbon at the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring.

In one embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group;the carbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached is at the 3-, 5- or6-position of the tetrahydropiperidine ring; and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (R) configuration. In anotherembodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group; thecarbon atom to which the R₃ group is attached is at the 3-, 5- or6-position of the tetrahydropiperidine ring; and the carbon atom towhich the R₃ group is attached has the (S) configuration.

In another embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃group, the R₃ group is attached to the carbon that is at the 3-positionof the tetrahydropiperidine ring, and the carbon to which the R₃ groupis attached is in the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon that is at the 3-position of the tetrahydropiperidinering, the carbon to which the R₃ group is attached is in the (R)configuration, and R₃ is —(C₁-C₄)alkyl unsubstituted or substituted withone or more halo groups. In another embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attached to the carbon that isat the 3-position of the tetrahydropiperidine ring, the carbon to whichthe R₃ group is attached is in the (R) configuration, and R₃ is —CH₃. Inanother embodiment, the

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon that is at the 3-position of the tetrahydropiperidinering, the carbon to which the R₃ group is attached is in the (R)configuration, and R₃ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon that is at the 3-position of the tetrahydropiperidinering, the carbon to which the R₃ group is attached is in the (R)configuration, and R₃ is —CH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃group, the R₃ group is attached to the carbon atom at the 6-position ofthe tetrahydropiperidine ring, and the carbon to which the R₃ group isattached is in the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon atom at the 6-position of the tetrahydropiperidine ring,the carbon to which the R₃ group is attached is in the (R)configuration, and R₃ is —(C₁-C₄)alkyl unsubstituted or substituted withone or more halo groups. In another embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attached to the carbon atom atthe of the tetrahydropiperidine ring, the carbon to which the R₃ groupis attached is in the (R) configuration, and R₃ is —CH₃. In anotherembodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃group is attached to the carbon atom at the 6-position of thetetrahydropiperidine ring, the carbon to which the R₃ group is attachedis in the (R) configuration, and R₃ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon atom at the 6-position of the tetrahydropiperidine ring,the carbon to which the R₃ group is attached is in the (R)configuration, and R₃ is —CH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃group, the R₃ group is attached to the carbon atom at the 5-position ofthe tetrahydropiperidine ring, and the carbon to which the R₃ group isattached is in the (R) configuration. In another embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon atom at the 5-position of the tetrahydorpiperidine ring,the carbon to which the R₃ group is attached is in the (R)configuration, and R₃ is —(C_(i)-C₄)alkyl unsubstituted or substitutedwith one or more halo groups. In another embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon atom at the 5-position of the tetrahydropiperidine ring,the carbon to which the R₃ group is attached is in the (R)configuration, and R₃ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon atom at the 5-position of the tetrahydropiperidine ring,the carbon to which the R₃ group is attached is in the (R)configuration, and R₃ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon atom at the 5-position of the tetrahydropiperidine ring.The R₃ group is in the (R) configuration, and R₃ is —CH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃group, the R₃ group is attached to the carbon that is at the 3-positionof the tetrahydropiperidine ring, and the carbon to which the R₃ groupis attached is in the (S) configuration. In another embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon that is at the 3-position of the tetrahydropiperidinering, the carbon to which the R₃ group is attached is in the (S)configuration, and R₃ is —(C_(i)-C₄)alkyl unsubstituted or substitutedwith one or more halo groups. In another embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon that is at the 3-position of the tetrahydropiperidinering, the carbon to which the R₃ group is attached is in the (S)configuration, and R₃ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon that is at the 3-position of the tetrahydropiperidinering, the carbon to which the R₃ group is attached is in the (S)configuration, and R₃ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon that is at the 3-position of the tetrahydropiperidinering, the carbon to which the R₃ group is attached is in the (S)configuration, and R₃ is —CH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃group, the R₃ group is attached to the carbon atom at the 6-position ofthe tetrahydropiperidine ring, and the carbon to which the R₃ group isattached is in the (S) configuration. In another embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon atom at the 6-position of the tetrahydropiperidine ring,the carbon to which the R₃ group is attached is in the (S)configuration, and R₃ is —(C₁-C₄)alkyl unsubstituted or substituted withone or more halo groups. In another embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attached to the carbon atom atthe 6-position of the tetrahydropiperidine ring, the carbon to which theR₃ group is attached is in the (S) configuration, and R₃ is —CH₃. Inanother embodiment, the

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon atom at the 6-position of the tetrahydropiperidine ring,the carbon to which the R₃ group is attached is in the (S)configuration, and R₃ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon atom at the 6-position of the tetrahydropiperidine ring,the carbon to which the R₃ group is attached is in the (S)configuration, and R₃ is —CH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃group, the R₃ group is attached to the carbon atom at the 5-position ofthe tetrahydropiperidine ring, and the carbon to which the R₃ group isattached is in the (S) configuration. In another embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon atom at the 5-position of the tetrahydropiperidine ring,the carbon to which the R₃ group is attached is in the (S)configuration, and R₃ is —(C₁-C₄)alkyl unsubstituted or substituted withone or more halo groups. In another embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attached to the carbon atom atthe 5-position of the tetrahydropiperidine ring, the carbon to which theR₃ group is attached is in the (S) configuration, and R₃ is —CH₃. Inanother embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group,the R₃ group is attached to the carbon atom at the 5-position of thetetrahydropiperidine ring, the carbon to which the R₃ group is attachedis in the (S) configuration, and R₃ is —CF₃. In another embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon atom at the 5-position of the tetrahydropiperidine ring,the carbon atom to which the R₃ grooup is attached is in the (S)configuration, and R₃ is —CH₂CH₃.

In another embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃group, the R₃ group is attached to the carbon atom at the 2-position ofthe cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and R₃ is —(C₁-C₄) alkyl unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more halo groups. In another embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attachedto the carbon atom at the 2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ringand R₃ is —CH₃. In another embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compoundhas an R₃ group, the R₃ group is attached to the carbon atom at the2-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and R₃ is —CF₃. In anotherembodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound has an R₃ group, the R₃group is attached to the carbon atom at the 2-position of thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring and R₃ is —CH₂CH₃.

4.1.2 CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUNDS OF FORMULA (IA)

The present invention encompasses Compounds of Formula (IA)

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, where V, Ar¹, Ar², R₃,and m are defined above for the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds ofFormula (IA).

Illustrative Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds are listed below in Tables1-27.

For the chemical structure depicted, e.g., at the head of each of Tables1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13-19, 21, 22, 24, 25 and 27, a is independently 0 or 1.When a=0, the group at the “a” position is —H. When a=1, the group atthe “a” position (R_(8a)) is other than —H, i.e., is R₈.

For the chemical structure depicted, e.g., at the head of each of Tables2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 23 and 26, a is independently 0 or 1. When a=0, thegroup at the “a” position is —H. When a=1, the group at the “a” position((R₈)_(a)) is other than —H, i.e., is R₈.

For the chemical structure depicted, e.g., at the head of each of Tables2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 23 and 26, b is independently 0 or 1. When b=0, thegroup at the “b” position is —H. When b=1, the group at the “b” position((R₈)_(b)) is other than —H, i.e., is R₈.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00001 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00002 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00003 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00004 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00005 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00006 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00007 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00008 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00009 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00010 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00011 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00012 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00013 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00014 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00015 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00016 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00017 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00018 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00019 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00020 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00021 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00022 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00023 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00024 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00025 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00026 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

Lengthy table referenced here US20110152324A1-20110623-T00027 Pleaserefer to the end of the specification for access instructions.

4.2 Definitions

As used in connection with the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds herein,the terms used above having following meaning:

“—(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl” means a straight chain or branched non-cyclichydrocarbon having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Representative straightchain —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyls include -methyl, -ethyl, -n-propyl, -n-butyl,-n-pentyl, -n-hexyl, -n-heptyl, -n-octyl, -n-nonyl, and -n-decyl.Representative branched —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyls include -iso-propyl, -sec-butyl,-iso-butyl, -tert-butyl, -iso-pentyl, -neopentyl, 1-methylbutyl,2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl,1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl,1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 3-ethylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl,1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl,2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-methylhexyl,3-methylhexyl, 4-methylhexyl, 5-methylhexyl, 1,2-dimethylpentyl,1,3-dimethylpentyl, 1,2-dimethylhexyl, 1,3-dimethylhexyl,3,3-dimethylhexyl, 1,2-dimethylheptyl, 1,3-dimethylheptyl, and3,3-dimethylheptyl.

“—(C₁-C₆)alkyl” means a straight chain or branched non-cyclichydrocarbon having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Representative straightchain —(C₁-C₆)alkyls include -methyl, -ethyl, -n-propyl, -n-butyl,-n-pentyl, and -n-hexyl. Representative branched —(C₁-C₆)alkyls include-iso-propyl, -sec-butyl, -iso-butyl, -tert-butyl, -iso-pentyl,-neopentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl,1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl,3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl,3-ethylbutyl, 1,1-dimethtylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl,2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, and 3,3-dimethylbutyl.

“—(C₁-C₄)alkyl” means a straight chain or branched non-cyclichydrocarbon having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Representative straightchain —(C₁-C₄)alkyls include -methyl, -ethyl, -n-propyl, and -n-butyl.Representative branched —(C₁-C₄)alkyls include -iso-propyl, -sec-butyl,-iso-butyl, and -tert-butyl.

“—(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl” means a straight chain or branched non-cyclichydrocarbon having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms and including at least onecarbon-carbon double bond. Representative straight chain and branched(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyls include -vinyl, -allyl, -1-butenyl, -2-butenyl,-iso-butylenyl, -1-pentenyl, -2-pentenyl, -3-methyl-1-butenyl,-2-methyl-2-butenyl, -2,3 -dimethyl-2-butenyl, -1-hexenyl, -2-hexenyl,-3 -hexenyl, -1-heptenyl, -2-heptenyl, -3-heptenyl, -1-octenyl,-2-octenyl, -3-octenyl, -1-nonenyl, -2-nonenyl, -3-nonenyl, -1-decenyl,-2-decenyl, -3-decenyl and the like.

“—(C₂-C₆)alkenyl” means a straight chain or branched non-cyclichydrocarbon having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and including at least onecarbon-carbon double bond. Representative straight chain and branched(C₂-C₆)alkenyls include -vinyl, -allyl, -1-butenyl, -2-butenyl,-iso-butylenyl, -1-pentenyl, -2-pentenyl, -3-methyl-1-butenyl,-2-methyl-2-butenyl, -2,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, -1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl,3-hexenyl and the like.

“-(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl” means a straight chain or branched non-cyclichydrocarbon having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms and including at least onecarbon-carbon triple bond. Representative straight chain and branched—(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyls include -acetylenyl, -propynyl, -1-butynyl,-2-butynyl, -1-pentynyl, -2-pentynyl, -3-methyl-1-butynyl, -4-pentynyl,-1-hexynyl, -2-hexynyl, -5-hexynyl, -1-heptynyl, -2-heptynyl,-6-heptynyl, -1-octynyl, -2-octynyl, -7-octynyl, -1-nonynyl, -2-nonynyl,-8-nonynyl, -1-decynyl, -2-decynyl, -9-decynyl and the like.

“—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl” means a straight chain or branched non-cyclichydrocarbon having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and including at least onecarbon-carbon triple bond. Representative straight chain and branched(C₂-C₆)alkynyls include -acetylenyl, -propynyl, -1-butynyl, -2-butynyl,-1-pentynyl, -2-pentynyl, -3-methyl-1-butynyl, -4-pentynyl, -1-hexynyl,-2-hexynyl, -5-hexynyl and the like.

“—(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl” means a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon having from 3to 10 carbon atoms. Representative (C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyls are -cyclopropyl,-cyclobutyl, -cyclopentyl, -cyclohexyl, -cycloheptyl, -cyclooctyl,-cyclononyl, and -cyclodecyl.

“—(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl” means a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon having from 3to 8 carbon atoms. Representative (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyls include-cyclopropyl, -cyclobutyl, -cyclopentyl, -cyclohexyl, -cycloheptyl, and-cyclooctyl.

“—(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl” means a bi-cyclic hydrocarbon ring system havingfrom 8 to 14 carbon atoms and at least one saturated cyclic alkyl ring.Representative —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyls include -indanyl,-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, -5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl,-perhydronaphthyl and the like.

“—(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl” means a tri-cyclic hydrocarbon ring systemhaving from 8 to 14 carbon atoms and at least one saturated cyclic alkylring. Representative —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyls include -pyrenyl,-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanthracenyl, -perhydroanthracenyl -aceanthreneyl,-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropenanthrenyl, -5,6,7,8-tetrahydrophenanthrenyl,-perhydrophenanthrenyl and the like.

“—(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl” means a cyclic non-aromatic hydrocarbon havingat least one carbon-carbon double bond in the cyclic system and from 5to 10 carbon atoms. Representative (C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyls include-cyclopentenyl, -cyclopentadienyl, -cyclohexenyl,-cyclohexadienyl,-cycloheptenyl, -cycloheptadienyl, -cycloheptatrienyl,-cyclooctenyl, -cyclooctadienyl, -cyclooctatrienyl, -cyclooctatetraenyl,-cyclononenyl, -cyclononadienyl, -cyclodecenyl, -cyclodecadienyl and thelike.

“—(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl” means a cyclic non-aromatic hydrocarbon having atleast one carbon-carbon double bond in the cyclic system and from 5 to 8carbon atoms. Representative (C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyls include-cyclopentenyl, -cyclopentadienyl, -cyclohexenyl, -cyclohexadienyl,-cycloheptenyl, -cycloheptadienyl, -cycloheptatrienyl, -cyclooctenyl,-cyclooctadienyl, -cyclooctatrienyl, -cyclooctatetraenyl and the like.

“—(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl” means a bi-cyclic hydrocarbon ring systemhaving at least one carbon-carbon double bond in each ring and from 8 to14 carbon atoms. Representative —(C8-C14)bicycloalkenyls include-indenyl, -pentalenyl, -naphthalenyl, -azulenyl, -heptalenyl,-1,2,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalenyl and the like.

“—(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl” means a tri-cyclic hydrocarbon ring systemhaving at least one carbon-carbon double bond in each ring and from 8 to14 carbon atoms. Representative —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyls include-anthracenyl, -phenanthrenyl, -phenalenyl, -acenaphthalenyl,as-indacenyl, s-indacenyl and the like.

“-(3- to 7-membered)heterocycle” or “-(3- to 7-membered)heterocyclo”means a 3- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocyclic ring which is eithersaturated, unsaturated non-aromatic, or aromatic. A 3- or a 4-memberedheterocycle can contain up to 3 heteroatoms, a 5-membered heterocyclecan contain up to 4 heteroatoms, a 6-membered heterocycle can contain upto 6 heteroatoms, and a 7-membered heterocycle can contain up to 7heteroatoms. Each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen,which can be quaternized; oxygen; and sulfur, including sulfoxide andsulfone. The -(3- to 7-membered)heterocycle can be attached via anitrogen or carbon atom. Representative -(3- to 7-membered)heterocyclesinclude pyridyl, furyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl,thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl,pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, morpholinyl,pyrrolidinonyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, hydantoinyl,valerolactamyl, oxiranyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl,tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydropyrindinyl, tetrahydropyrimidinyl,tetrahydrothiophenyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl and the like.

“-(3- to 5-membered)heterocycle” or “-(3- to 5-membered)heterocyclo”means a 3- to 5-membered monocyclic heterocyclic ring which is eithersaturated, unsaturated non-aromatic, or aromatic. A 3- or 4-memberedheterocycle can contain up to 3 heteroatoms and a 5-membered heterocyclecan contain up to 4 heteroatoms. Each heteroatom is independentlyselected from nitrogen, which can be quaternized; oxygen; and sulfur,including sulfoxide and sulfone. The -(3- to 5-membered)heterocycle canbe attached via a nitrogen or carbon atom. Representative -(3- to5-membered)heterocycles include furyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl,imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazinyl,pyrrolidinonyl, pyrrolidinyl, hydantoinyl, oxiranyl, oxetanyl,tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl and the like.

“-(7- to 10-membered)bicycloheterocycle” or “-(7- to10-membered)bicycloheterocyclo” means a 7- to 10-membered bicyclic,heterocyclic ring which is either saturated, unsaturated non-aromatic,or aromatic. A -(7- to 10-membered)bicycloheterocycle contains from 1 to4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, which can bequaternized; oxygen; and sulfur, including sulfoxide and sulfone. The-(7- to 10-membered)bicycloheterocycle can be attached via a nitrogen orcarbon atom. Representative -(7- to 10-membered)bicycloheterocyclesinclude -quinolinyl, -isoquinolinyl, -chromonyl, -coumarinyl, -indolyl,-indolizinyl, -benzo[b]furanyl, -benzo[b]thiophenyl, -indazolyl,-purinyl, -4H-quinolizinyl, -isoquinolyl, -quinolyl, -phthalazinyl,-naphthyridinyl, -carbazolyl, -β-carbolinyl and the like.

“—(C₁₄)aryl” means a 14-membered aromatic carbocyclic moiety such as-anthryl or -phenanthryl.

“-(5- to 10-membered)heteroaryl” means an aromatic heterocycle ring of 5to 10 members, including both mono- and bicyclic ring systems, whereinat least one carbon atom of one or both of the rings is replaced with aheteroatom independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Inone embodiment one of the -(5- to 10-membered)heteroaryl's rings containat least one carbon atom. In another embodiment both of the -(5- to10-membered)heteroaryl's rings contain at least one carbon atom.Representative -(5- to 10-membered)heteroaryls include pyridyl, furyl,benzofuranyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl, pyrrolyl,indolyl, oxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, thiazolyl,benzothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridazinyl,pyrimidinyl, pyrimidinyl, thiadiazolyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl,phthalazinyl, and quinazolinyl.

“—CH₂(halo)” means a methyl group wherein one of the hydrogens of themethyl group has been replaced with a halogen. Representative —CH₂(halo)groups include —CH₂F, —CH₂Cl, —CH₂Br, and —CH₂I.

“—CH(halo)₂” means a methyl group wherein two of the hydrogens of themethyl group have been replaced with a halogen. Representative—CH(halo)₂ groups include —CHF₂, —CHCl₂, —CHBr₂, —CHBrCl, —CHClI, and—CHI₂.

“—C(halo)₃”means a methyl group wherein each of the hydrogens of themethyl group has been replaced with a halogen. Representative —C(halo)₃groups include —CF₃, —CCl₃, —CBr₃, and —CI₃.

“-Halogen” or “-Halo” means —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I.

The phrase “pyridyl group” means

wherein R₁, R₂, and n are defined above for the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompounds of Formula (I).

The phrase “pyrazinyl group” means,

wherein R₁, R₂, and p are defined above for the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompounds of Formula (I).

The phrase “pyrimidinyl group” means

wherein R₁, R₂, and p are defined above for the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompounds of Formula (I).

The phrase “pyridazinyl group” means

wherein R₁, R₂, and p are defined above for the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompounds of Formula (I).

The phrase “thiadiazolyl group” means

wherein R₁ is defined above for the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds ofFormula (I).

The phrase “benzoimidazolyl group” means

wherein R₈ and s are defined above for the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompounds of Formula (I).

The phrase “benzothiazolyl group” means

wherein R₈ and s are defined above for the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompounds of Formula (I).

The phrase “benzooxazolyl group” means

wherein R₈ and s are defined above for the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompounds of Formula (I).

The phrase “5-benzodioxolyl group” means

where each R₉ is independently —H, -halo, or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The phrase “5-benzodithiolyl group” means

where each R₉ is independently —H, -halo, or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The phrase “5-dihydroindenyl group” means

where each R₉ is independently —H, -halo, or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The phrase “5-dihydrobenzoimidazolyl group” means

where each R₉ is independently —H, -halo, or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The phrase “6-dihydrobenzofuranyl group” means

where each R₉ is independently —H, -halo, or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The phrase “5-dihydrobenzofuranyl group” means

where each R₉ is independently —H, -halo, or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The phrase “6-indolinyl group” means

where each R₉ is independently —H, -halo, or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The phrase “5-indolinyl group” means

where each R₉ is independently —H, -halo, or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The phrase “6-dihydrobenzothiopheneyl group” means

where each R₉ is independently —H, -halo, or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The phrase “5-dihydrobenzothiopheneyl group” means

where each R₉ is independently —H, -halo, or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The phrase “5-dihydrobenzooxazolyl group” means

where each R₉ is independently —H, -halo, or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The phrase “6-dihydrobenzooxazolyl group” means

where each R₉ is independently —H, -halo, or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The phrase “5-dihydrobenzothiazolyl group” means

where each R₉ is independently —H, -halo, or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The phrase “6-dihydrobenzothiazolyl group” means

where each R₉ is independently —H, -halo, or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The phrase “2-(3-chloropyridyl)” means

The phrase “2-(3-fluoropyridyl)” means

The phrase “2-(3-methylpyridyl)” means

The phrase “2-(3-CF₃-pyridyl)” means

The phrase “2-(3-CHF₂-pyridyl)” means

The phrase “2-(3-hydroxypyridyl)” means

The phrase “2-(3-nitropyridyl)” means

The phrase “2-(3-cyanopyridyl)” means

The phrase “2-(3-bromopyridyl)” means

The phrase “2-(3-iodopyridyl)” means

The phrase “4-(5-chloropyrimidinyl)” means

The phrase “3-(4-chloropyridazinyl)” means

The phrase “3-(4-methylpyridazinyl)” means

The phrase “3-(4-fluoropyridazinyl)” means

The phrase “5-(4-chlorothiadiazolyl)” means

The phrase “5-(4-methylthiadiazolyl)” means

The phrase “4-(5-methylpyrimidinyl)” means

The phrase “4-(5-fluoropyrimidinyl)” means

The phrase “2-(3-chloropyrazinyl)” means

The phrase “2-(3-methylpyrazinyl)” means

The phrase “2-(3-fluoropyrazinyl)” means

The phrase “5-(4-fluorothiadiazolyl)” means

The phrase “-(1,1-dimethyl-pentyl)” means

The phrases “-(1,1-dimethyl-acetic acid) ethyl ester” and“2-methylpropionic acid ethyl ester” mean

The phrases “—(N-piperidinyl)” and “(piperidin-1-yl)-” mean

The phrase “cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring” means

wherein V, R₃ and m are defined above and the numbers designate theposition of each atom of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring. The language“(hetero)” means that V is either: N, in which case thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring is a tetrahydropyridyl ring; or CH, in whichcase the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring is a cycloalkenyl ring.

The term “animal,” includes, but is not limited to, a cow, monkey,baboon, chimpanzee, horse, sheep, pig, chicken, turkey, quail, cat, dog,mouse, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, and human.

The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable salt,” as used herein, is anypharmaceutically acceptable salt that can be prepared from aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound, including a salt formed from an acid anda basic functional group, such as a nitrogen group, of one of theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds. Illustrative salts include, but are notlimited, to sulfate, citrate, acetate, oxalate, chloride, bromide,iodide, nitrate, bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, isonicotinate,lactate, salicylate, acid citrate, tartrate, oleate, tannate,pantothenate, bitartrate, ascorbate, succinate, maleate, gentisinate,fumarate, gluconate, glucoronate, saccharate, formate, benzoate,glutamate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate,p-toluenesulfonate, and pamoate(i.e.,1,1′-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate)) salts. The term“pharmaceutically acceptable salt” also includes a salt prepared from aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound having an acidic functional group, such asa carboxylic acid functional group, and a pharmaceutically acceptableinorganic or organic base. Suitable bases include, but are not limitedto, hydroxides of alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium;hydroxides of alkaline earth metal such as calcium and magnesium;hydroxides of other metals, such as aluminum and zinc; ammonia andorganic amines, such as unsubstituted or hydroxy-substituted mono-, di-,or trialkylamines; dicyclohexylamine; tributyl amine; pyridine;N-methyl,N-ethylamine; diethylamine; triethylamine; mono-, bis-, ortris-(2-hydroxy-lower alkyl amines), such as mono-, bis-, ortris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-hydroxy-tert-butylamine, ortris-(hydroxymethyl)methylamine, N,N,-di-lower alkyl-N-(hydroxy loweralkyl)-amines, such as N,N,-dimethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, ortri-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine; N-methyl-D-glucamine; and amino acids such asarginine, lysine and the like.

The phrase “effective amount,” when used in connection with aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound means an amount effective for: (a)treating or preventing a Condition; or (b) inhibiting VR1, mGluR1, ormGluR5 function in a cell.

The phrase “effective amount,” when used in connection with anothertherapeutic agent means an amount for providing the therapeutic effectof the other therapeutic agent.

When a first group is “substituted with one or more” second groups, oneor more hydrogen atoms of the first group is replaced with acorresponding number of second groups. When the number of second groupsis two or greater, each second group can be the same or different. Inone embodiment, the number of second groups is one or two. In anotherembodiment, the number of second groups is one.

The term “THF” means tetrahydrofuran.

The term “DCM” means dichloromethane.

The term “DCE” means dichloroethane, e.g., 1,1-dichloroethane,1,2-dichloroethane, or mixtures thereof.

The term “DMF” means dimethylformamide.

The term “DMSO” means dimethyl sulfoxide.

The term “DIEA” means diisopropylethylamine.

The term “TFA” means trifluoroacetic acid.

The term “EtOAc” means ethyl acetate.

The term “Dppp” means 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane.

The term “Pd(OAc)₂” means palladium acetate.

The term “IBD” means inflammatory-bowel disease.

The term “IBS” means irritable-bowel syndrome.

The term “ALS” means amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The term “LiHMDS” means lithium hexamethyldisilazide.

The phrases “treatment of,” “treating” and the like include theamelioration or cessation of a Condition or a symptom thereof.

In one embodiment, treating includes inhibiting, for example, decreasingthe overall frequency of episodes of a Condition or a symptom thereof.

The phrases “prevention of,” “preventing” and the like include theavoidance of the onset of a Condition or a symptom thereof.

4.3 Methods for Making the Cyclo(Hetero)Alkenyl Compounds

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be made using conventionalorganic synthesis or by the following illustrative methods shown in theschemes below.

4.3.1 Methods for Making the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds where V is N

In one embodiment, the present invention relates to methods for makingthe Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds where V is N by the followingnon-limiting illustrative method shown below in Scheme A.

where R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, Ar¹, Ar², m, n and p are defined above and Z_(a)is a halogen.

About 1 eq. of a Compound of Formula 1 a-h (1M) and 1 eq. of a Compoundof Formula 2 are heated in DMSO in the presence of about 1 eq. of DMA ata temperature of from about 125° C. to about 140° C. for about 12 h. Theresulting reaction mixture is cooled to about 25° C. and the solventremoved, e.g., under reduced pressure, to provide an8-heteroaromatic-1,4-dioxa-8-aza-spiro[4.5]decane Compound of Formula 3a-h. A Compound of Formula 3 a-h is useful, e.g., as an intermediate forthe synthesis of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

The Compound of Formula 3 a-h can also be obtained by dissolving about 1equivalent of a Compound of Formula 1 a-h (1.5M), a Compound of Formula2 (about 1.2 eq.), and the sodium salt of 2-methylpropan-2-ol (“NaOtBu”,1.5 eq.) in glyme and degassing the resulting solution by bubblingnitrogen through the solution. After the solution is degassed,tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0) catalyst (0.02 eq.) and 0.02eq. of the ligand depicted below

is added to the solution and the resulting reaction mixture is heated ata temperature of about 50° C. for about 4.5 h. The reaction mixture iscooled to about 25° C. and solids removed by filtering over CELITE. Thesolvent is then removed, e.g., under reduced pressure, to provide aresidue. The resulting residue can be purified, e.g., using a silica gelcolumn eluted with 6:1 hexane:ethyl acetate.

The Compound of Formula 3 a-h can also be obtained by by dissolving,e.g., in toluene, about 1 equivalent of a Compound of Formula 1 a-h(1.2M), adding to the solution a Compound of Formula 2 (about 1.1 eq.),followed by the addition of NaOtBu (about 1.1 eq.), Pd(OAc)₂ (about 0.05eq.), and 0.05 eq. Dppp (about 0.05 eq.) to form a reaction mixture. Theatmosphere in contact with the reaction mixture is replaced by nitrogen.The reaction mixture is stirred and heated to a temperature of fromabout 25° C. to about the boiling point of the solvent, alternately fromabout 50° C. to about 100° C., for about 3 h. The reaction mixture iscooled to about 25° C. and worked-up, e.g., as described above, toprovide the Compound of Formula 3 a-h.

The Compound of Formula 3 a-h is then reacted with an acid to provide aCompound of Formula 4 a-h. In one embodiment, the present inventionrelates to a method for making a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compoundcomprising allowing a Compound of Formula 3 a-h to react with an acid.In another embodiment, the acid is an organic acid, such as TFA, aninorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, or their mixtures. Forexample, the Compound of Formula 3 a-h (0.25M) is reacted with 30% TFAin DCM at a temperature of from about 25° C. to about the boiling pointof the solvent. Alternatively, the Compound of Formula 3 a-h (0.25M) isreacted with about 4N HCl in THF at a temperature of about 50° C. forabout 16 hours. Either resulting reaction mixture is cooled to about 25°C. and neutralized with aqueous Na₂CO₃ such that separate aqueous andorganic layers form. The organic layer is separated from the aqueouslayer. The aqueous layer is then extracted with DCM and the organiclayer and the post-extraction DCM are combined and dried, e.g., withMgSO₄ or Na₂SO₄. The solvent is removed, e.g., under reduced pressure,to provide a 1-heteroaromatic-piperidin-4-one Compound of Formula 4 a-h.The Compound of Formula 4 a-h can be purified, e.g., using a silica gelcolumn eluted with 15:1 hexane:ethyl acetate. A Compound of Formula 4a-h is useful, e.g., as an intermediate for the synthesis of aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for makinga Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound comprising allowing a Compound ofFormula 4 a-h to react with LiHMDS and then an excess triflimide. Forexample, the Compound of Formula 4 a-h (1 eq.) is reacted with 1.25 eq.of LiHMDS at about −78° C. and the resulting reaction mixture allowed tostir at about −78° C. for about 2 h. After stirring for about 2 h, anexcess of N-(5-chloro-2-pyridyl)triflimide 5 (1.05 eq. in oneembodiment, 3 eq. in another embodiment) is added to the reactionmixture at a temperature of about −78° C. The reaction mixture isstirred for about 2.5 h at a temperature of about −78° C. and thenallowed to warm to about 25° C. The solvent is removed, e.g., underreduced pressure, to provide a residue that can be purified, e.g., usinga silica gel column eluted with 10:1 hexane:ethyl acetate to provide aCompound of Formula 6 a-h. A Compound of Formula 6 a-h is useful, e.g.,as an intermediate for the synthesis of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for makinga Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound comprising allowing a Compound ofFormula 6 a-h to react with a compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄. In anotherembodiment, the reaction in the presence of an organic base, e.g., atrialkylamine. In another embodiment, the reaction in the presence ofPd(OAc)₂ and Dppp. In another embodiment, the reaction in the presenceof a carbon monoxide atmosphere. For example, about 1 equivalent of theCompound of Formula 6 a-h (about 1M), an excess of a compound of formulaAr²—NHR₄ (about 2 eq.), and a trialkylamine, e.g., triethylamine (fromabout 1.1 to about 20 eq., about 2.2 eq. in one embodiment), aredissolved in DMF or THF and the resulting solution is degassed bybubbling nitrogen through the solution. Pd(OAc)₂ and Dppp (about 0.2-0.3eq. of each) are added to the solution and the nitrogen atmosphere isreplaced with carbon monoxide at a pressure of about 1 atm. The reactionmixture is then heated to about 70° C. for about 2 h. The reactionmixture is cooled to about 25° C. and the solvent removed, e.g., underreduced pressure, to provide a residue. The resulting residue can bepurified, e.g., using a silica gel column eluted with 10:1 hexane:ethylacetate. Where m=1, a mixture of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds isgenerally obtained. The mixture can be separated by conventionalmethods, for example, column chromatography.

Compounds of formula 2 are commercially available or can be prepared bymethods known to those skilled in the art.

The Compound of Formula (I) where X is S (L e., the Compound of Formula(II′)) can be made by, e.g., reacting a Compound of Formula (II) (i.e.,where X is O) with Lawesson's reagent (i.e.,2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane-2,4-disulfide)according to the procedures described in Chem. Let. 8:713-4 (1995) orChem. Let. 12:1398-9 (2000). In one embodiment, the Compound of Formula(I) where X is S can be made by reacting a Compound of Formula (II)(where X is O) with Lawesson's reagent in a nonpolar solvent such as THFor toluene at a temperature of about 100° C. for about 2-3 hours, asshown below:

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to methods formaking the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds where V is N from the8-heteroaromatic-1,4-dioxa-8-aza-spiro[4.5]decane Compounds of Formula 3a-h by the following non-limiting illustrative method shown below inScheme B.

where R₃, R₄, Ar¹, Ar², and m are defined above.

In Step B1 of Scheme B, the Compound of Formula 3 a-h, which can beobtained, e.g., as described in Scheme A, is reacted with aketone-forming reagent, e.g., an inorganic acid such as HCl or H₂SO₄, oran organic acid, such as trifluoroacetic acid. In one embodiment, thepresent invention relates to a method for making a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound comprising allowing a Compound of Formula 3 a-h to react with aketone-forming reagent. In another embodiment, the ketone-formingreagent is HCl, H₂SO₄, trifluoroacetic acid or a mixture thereof. Inanother embodiment, the ketone-forming reagent is HCl. In anotherembodiment, the ketone-forming reagent is H₂SO₄. In another embodiment,the ketone-forming reagent is trifluoroacetic acid.

In certain embodiments, the ketone-forming reagent is present in thereaction in Step B1 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 1N to about 12N, or at an initial concentration within the rangeof from about 2N to about 6N. In a specific embodiment, theketone-forming reagent is present in the reaction at an initialconcentration of about 4N.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 3 a-h is present in thereaction in Step B1 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 0.05M to about 10M, or at an initial concentration within therange of from about 0.1M to about 1M. In a specific embodiment, theCompound of Formula 3 a-h is present in the reaction at an initialconcentration of about 0.25M.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B1 is carried out at atemperature within the range of from about 0° C. to about the boilingpoint of the solvent; at a temperature within the range of from about15° C. to about 100° C.; or at a temperature within the range of fromabout 45° C. to about 55° C.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B1 is carried out in anonpolar solvent, e.g., hexane, heptane, benzene, diethyl ether, THF,pyridine, DCM, DCE, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and combinationsthereof. In one embodiment, the nonpolar solvent is THF, chloroform orcombinations thereof. In another embodiment, the nonpolar solvent is THEIn another embodiment, the nonpolar solvent is chloroform.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 3 a-h is provided as asalt, e.g., the hydrochloride salt, which can be converted to the freeamine, using procedures known in the art, prior to reaction with theketone-forming reagent. For example, the hydrochloride salt of theCompound of Formula 3 a-h is dissolved in a suitable organic solventsuch as but not limited to chloroform, to provide a solution that isextracted with, e.g., a saturated aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃. Theorganic layer is recovered and the aqueous layer back-extracted with anadditional volume of the organic solvent. The organic solvent layers arecombined, extracted with water, dried, e.g., over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, and then the liquid is removed, such as by evaporation underreduced pressure, e.g., with a rotary evaporator, to provide theCompound of Formula 3 a-h as the free amine.

The reaction in Step B1 can be carried out at reduced pressure,atmospheric pressure or elevated pressure, i.e., greater thanatmospheric pressure. In one embodiment, the reaction is carried out atatmospheric pressure. In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B1 iscarried out in an air atmosphere. In certain embodiments, the reactionin Step B1 is carried out in an inert atmosphere. In one non-limitingaspect of this embodiment, the reaction in Step B1 is carried out undera nitrogen atmosphere. In another non-limiting aspect of thisembodiment, the reaction in Step B1 is carried out under an argonatmosphere.

Progress of the reaction in Step B1 can be monitored using conventionalanalytical techniques, including but not limited to infraredspectroscopy (“IR”), liquid chromatography (“LC”), mass spectrometry(“MS”), liquid chromatography in conjunction with mass spectrometry(“LCMS”), thin-layer chromatography (“TLC”), high-performance liquidchromatography (“HPLC”), gas chromatography (“GC”), gas-liquidchromatography (“GLC”), and/or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(“NMR”), such as ¹H and ¹³C NMR. The reaction according to Step B1 iscarried out, in one embodiment, until a starting material is consumedor, in another embodiment, until the ratio of product, a Compound ofFormula 4 a-h, to starting material, the Compound of Formula 3 a-h,remains essentially constant. Typically, a time sufficient for thereaction in Step B1 is within the range of from about 0.5 hours to about48 hours, from about 1 hour to about 24 hours, or from about 6 hours toabout 18 hours. In a specific embodiment, the reaction according to StepB1 is carried out for about 16 hours.

In another embodiment, the reaction according to Step B1 is carried outas described in Scheme A. In another embodiment, the reaction accordingto Step B1 is carried out in THF with the Compound of Formula 3 a-hpresent at an initial concentration of about 0.35M, with about a 4Ninitial concentration of HCl, at a temperature of about 50° C., and fora period of about 16 hours with stirring.

The resulting reaction mixture is cooled to about 25° C. andneutralized, e.g., with aqueous Na₂CO₃, such that separate aqueous andorganic layers form. The organic layer is separated from the aqueouslayer. The aqueous layer is then extracted, e.g., with ethyl acetate.The organic layer and the post-extraction aliquot(s) are combined anddried, e.g., with MgSO₄ or Na₂SO₄, and the solvent is removed, e.g.,under reduced pressure, to provide a 1-heteroaromatic-piperidin-4-oneCompound of Formula 4 a-h which can be used without further purificationor, if desired, can be purified, e.g., using a silica gel column elutedwith 3:1 hexane:ethyl acetate.

In Step B2 of Scheme B, the 1-heteroaromatic-piperidin-4-one Compound ofFormula 4 a-h is reacted with a cyanation reagent, e.g., a cyanide saltsuch as NaCN, KCN or LiCN. In one embodiment, the present inventionrelates to a method for making a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compoundcomprising allowing a 1-heteroaromatic-piperidin-4-one Compound ofFormula 4 a-h to react with a cyanation reagent. In another embodiment,the cyanide salt is NaCN, KCN, LiCN or a mixture thereof. In anotherembodiment, the cyanide salt is KCN. In another embodiment, the cyanidesalt is NaCN. In another embodiment, the cyanide salt is LiCN. Cyanidesalts are commercially available from, e.g., Aldrich Chemical Co.,Milwaukee, Wis., or can be prepared by methods known to those skilled inthe art.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B2 is carried out with aninitial amount of cyanation reagent within the range of from about 1 toabout 4 equivalents, or within the range of from about 1.1 to about 2equivalents, on a molar basis, relative to the Compound of Formula 4a-h. In another embodiment, this reaction is carried out with about 1.2equivalents, on a molar basis, of cyanation reagent, relative to theCompound of Formula 4 a-h.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 4 a-h is present in thereaction in Step B2 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 0.05M to about 10M, or at an initial concentration within therange of from about 0.1M to about 5M. In a specific embodiment, theCompound of Formula 4 a-h is present in the reaction at an initialconcentration of about 0.3M.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B2 is carried out at atemperature within the range of from about 0° C. to about 100° C.; at atemperature within the range of from about 0° C. to about 60° C.; or ata temperature within the range of from about 0° C. to about 25° C.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B2 is carried out in apolar protic solvent, such as water, an alcohol, e.g., methanol, anorganic acid, e.g., acetic acid, an amide, e.g., formamide, orcombinations thereof. In one embodiment, the polar protic solvent iswater, methanol or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, thepolar protic solvent is water. In another embodiment, the polar proticsolvent is methanol. In other embodiments, the solvent comprises amixture of water and a suitable aprotic solvent or solvents, such asacetone, MEK, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, dioxane,N-methyl-pyrrolidone, DMF, DMAc, DMSO, pyridine, and combinationsthereof. In such embodiments the ratio of water to aprotic solvent canbe within the range of from about 10:1 to about 1:1 (water:aproticsolvent). In certain embodiments, the aprotic solvent mixed with wateris selected from acetone, MEK, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, dioxane,N-methyl-pyrrolidone, DMF, DMAc, DMSO, pyridine, and combinationsthereof.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 4 a-h is provided as asalt, e.g., the hydrochloride salt, which can be converted to the freeamine, using procedures known in the art, prior to reaction with thecyanide salt. For example, the hydrochloride salt of the Compound ofFormula 4 a-h is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, such as butnot limited to chloroform, to provide a solution that is extracted with,e.g., a saturated aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃. The organic layer isrecovered and the aqueous layer back-extracted with an additional volumeof the organic solvent. The organic solvent layers are combined,extracted with water, dried, e.g., over anhydrous sodium sulfate, andthen the liquid is removed to provide the Compound of Formula 4 a-h asthe free amine.

The reaction in Step B2 can be carried out at reduced pressure,atmospheric pressure or elevated pressure, i.e., greater thanatmospheric pressure. In one embodiment, the reaction is carried out atatmospheric pressure. In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B2 iscarried out in an air atmosphere. In certain embodiments, the reactionin Step B2 is carried out in an inert atmosphere. In one non-limitingaspect of this embodiment, the reaction in Step B2 is carried out undera nitrogen atmosphere. In another non-limiting aspect of thisembodiment, the reaction in Step B2 is carried out under an argonatmosphere.

Progress of the reaction in Step B2 can be monitored using conventionalanalytical techniques, including but not limited to IR, LC, MS, LCMS,TLC, HPLC, GC, GLC and/or NMR. The reaction according to Step B2 iscarried out, in one embodiment, until a starting material is consumedor, in another embodiment, until the ratio of product, a Compound ofFormula 11 a-h, to starting material, the Compound of Formula 4 a-h,remains essentially constant. Typically, a time sufficient for thereaction in Step B2 is within the range of from about 0.5 hours to about36 hours, from about 1 hour to about 24 hours, or from about 4 hours toabout 16 hours. In a specific embodiment, the reaction according to StepB2 is carried out for about 12 hours.

In another embodiment, the reaction according to Step B2 is carried outin water with about 1.2 equivalents, on a molar basis, of a cyanidesalt, relative to the Compound of Formula 4 a-h, at a temperature withinthe range of from about 0° C. to about 25° C. for a period of about 12hours with stirring.

Thereafter, the solvent is removed, e.g., under reduced pressure, toprovide a residue that can be purified, e.g., using a silica gel columneluted with 3:1 hexane:ethyl acetate, to provide a1-heteroaromatic-4-hydroxy-piperidine-4-carbonitrile Compound of Formula11 a-h. A Compound of Formula 11 a-h is useful, e.g., as an intermediatefor the synthesis of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

In Step B3 of Scheme B, the1-heteroaromatic-4-hydroxy-piperidine-4-carbonitrile Compound of Formula11 a-h is reacted with a dehydrogenation agent, e.g., POCl₃, PSCl₃,PCl₅, SOCl₂ or COCl₂. In one embodiment, the present invention relatesto a method for making a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound comprisingallowing a 1-heteroaromatic-4-hydroxy-piperidine-4-carbonitrile Compoundof Formula 11 a-h to react with a dehydrogenation agent. In anotherembodiment, the dehydrogenation agent is POCl₃, PSCl₃, PCl₅, SOCl₂,COCl₂ or a mixture thereof. In another embodiment, the dehydrogenationagent is POCl₃, PSCl₃, SOCl₂ or a mixture thereof. In anotherembodiment, the dehydrogenation agent is POCl₃, PSCl₃ or a mixturethereof. In another embodiment, the dehydrogenation agent is POCl₃. Inanother embodiment, the dehydrogenation agent is PSCl₃. In anotherembodiment, the dehydrogenation agent is SOCl₂. In another embodiment,the dehydrogenation agent is COCl₂.

Such dehydrogenation agents are commercially available from, e.g.,Aldrich Chemical Co., or can be prepared by methods known to thoseskilled in the art.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B3 is carried out with aninitial amount of dehydrogenation agent within the range of from about 1to about 10 equivalents, or within the range of from about 1.5 to about4 equivalents, on a molar basis, relative to the Compound of Formula 11a-h. In another embodiment, this reaction is carried out with about 2.2equivalents, on a molar basis, of dehydrogenation agent, relative to theCompound of Formula 11 a-h.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 11 a-h is present in thereaction in Step B3 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 0.05M to about 10M, or at an initial concentration within therange of from about 0.1M to about 2M. In a specific embodiment, theCompound of Formula 11 a-h is present in the reaction at an initialconcentration of about 0.25M.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B3 is carried out at atemperature within the range of from about 0° C. to about 100° C.; at atemperature within the range of from about 0° C. to about 60° C.; or ata temperature within the range of from about 15° C. to about 30° C.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B3 is carried out in anaprotic solvent, e.g., acetone, MEK, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile,dioxane, N-methyl-pyrrolidone, DMF, DMAc, DMSO, pyridine, andcombinations thereof. In one embodiment, the aprotic solvent ispyridine, dioxane or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, theaprotic solvent is pyridine. In another embodiment, the aprotic solventis dioxane.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 11 a-h is provided as asalt, e.g., the hydrochloride salt, which can be converted to the freeamine, using procedures known in the art, prior to reaction with thedehydrogenation agent. For example, the hydrochloride salt of theCompound of Formula 11 a-h is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent,such as but not limited to chloroform, to provide a solution that isextracted with, e.g., a saturated aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃. Theorganic layer is recovered and the aqueous layer back-extracted with anadditional volume of the organic solvent. The organic solvent layers arecombined, extracted with water, dried, e.g., over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, and then the liquid is removed to provide the Compound ofFormula 11 a-h as the free amine.

The reaction in Step B3 can be carried out at reduced pressure,atmospheric pressure or elevated pressure, i.e., greater thanatmospheric pressure. In one embodiment, the reaction is carried out atatmospheric pressure. In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B3 iscarried out in an inert atmosphere. In one non-limiting aspect of thisembodiment, the reaction in Step B3 is carried out under a nitrogenatmosphere. In another non-limiting aspect of this embodiment, thereaction in Step B3 is carried out under an argon atmosphere.

Progress of the reaction in Step B3 can be monitored using conventionalanalytical techniques, including but not limited to IR, LC, MS, LCMS,TLC, HPLC, GC, GLC and/or NMR. The reaction according to Step B3 iscarried out, in one embodiment, until a starting material is consumedor, in another embodiment, until the ratio of product, a Compound ofFormula 12 a-h, to starting material, the Compound of Formula 11 a-h,remains essentially constant. Typically, a time sufficient for thereaction in Step B3 is within the range of from about 0.5 hours to about48 hours, from about 2 hours to about 36 hours, or from about 4 hours toabout 24 hours. In a specific embodiment, the reaction according to StepB3 is carried out for about 22 hours.

In another embodiment, the reaction according to Step B3 is carried outin pyridine with about 2.2 equivalents, on a molar basis, of adehydrogenation agent, relative to the Compound of Formula 11 a-h, at atemperature within the range of from about 20° C. to about 25° C. for aperiod of about 22 hours with stirring.

Thereafter, the solvent is removed, e.g., under reduced pressure, toprovide a residue that can be purified, e.g., using a silica gel columneluted with 5:1 hexane:ethyl acetate, to provide a1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carbonitrile Compound ofFormula 12 a-h. A Compound of Formula 12 a-h is useful, e.g., as anintermediate for the synthesis of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

In Step B4 of Scheme B, the1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carbonitrile Compound ofFormula 12 a-h is reacted with an acidifying reagent, e.g., an inorganicacid such as HCl or H₂SO₄, or an organic acid, such as phthalic acid ortetrahalophthalic acid. In one embodiment, the present invention relatesto a method for making a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound comprisingallowing a 1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carbonitrileCompound of Formula 12 a-h to react with an acidifying reagent. Inanother embodiment, the acidifying reagent is HCl, H₂SO₄, phthalic acid,tetrahalophthalic acid or a mixture thereof. In another embodiment, theacidifying reagent is HCl. In another embodiment, the acidifying reagentis H₂SO₄. In another embodiment, the acidifying reagent is phthalicacid. In another embodiment, the acidifying reagent is tetrahalophthalicacid.

In certain embodiments, the acidifying reagent is present in thereaction in Step B4 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 0.5N to about 12N, or at an initial concentration within the rangeof from about 1N to about 8N. In a specific embodiment, the acidifyingreagent is present in the reaction at an initial concentration of about6N.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 12 a-h is present in thereaction in Step B4 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 0.05M to about 10M, or at an initial concentration within therange of from about 0.1M to about 5M. In a specific embodiment, theCompound of Formula 12 a-h is present in the reaction at an initialconcentration of about 0.5M.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B4 is carried out at atemperature within the range of from about 0° C. to about 120° C.; at atemperature within the range of from about 25° C. to about 120° C.; orat a temperature within the range of from about 95° C. to about 105° C.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B4 is carried out in apolar protic solvent or in combinations of such solvents; polar proticsolvents have been described above. In one embodiment, the polar proticsolvent is water, an organic acid, e.g., formic acid (see U.S. Pat. No.5,206,392) or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the polarprotic solvent is water. In other embodiments, the solvent comprises amixture of water and a suitable aprotic solvent or solvents. In suchembodiments the ratio of water to aprotic solvent can be within therange of from about 10:1 to about 1:1 (water:aprotic solvent). Incertain embodiments, the aprotic solvent mixed with water is selectedfrom acetone, MEK, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, dioxane,N-methyl-pyrrolidone, DMF, DMAc, DMSO, pyridine, and combinationsthereof.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 12 a-h is provided as asalt, e.g., the hydrochloride salt, which can be converted to the freeamine, using procedures known in the art, prior to reaction with theacidifying reagent. For example, the hydrochloride salt of the Compoundof Formula 12 a-h is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, such asbut not limited to chloroform, to provide a solution that is extractedwith, e.g., a saturated aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃. The organic layer isrecovered and the aqueous layer back-extracted with an additional volumeof the organic solvent. The organic solvent layers are combined,extracted with water, dried, e.g., over anhydrous sodium sulfate, andthen the liquid is removed to provide the Compound of Formula 12 a-h asthe free amine.

The reaction in Step B4 can be carried out at reduced pressure,atmospheric pressure or elevated pressure, i.e., greater thanatmospheric pressure. In one embodiment, the reaction is carried out atatmospheric pressure. In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B4 iscarried out in an inert atmosphere. In one non-limiting aspect of thisembodiment, the reaction in Step B4 is carried out under a nitrogenatmosphere. In another non-limiting aspect of this embodiment, thereaction in Step B4 is carried out under an argon atmosphere.

Progress of the reaction in Step B4 can be monitored using conventionalanalytical techniques, including but not limited to IR, LC, MS, LCMS,TLC, HPLC, GC, GLC and/or NMR. The reaction according to Step B4 iscarried out, in one embodiment, until a starting material is consumedor, in another embodiment, until the ratio of product, a Compound ofFormula 13 a-h, to starting material, the Compound of Formula 12 a-h,remains essentially constant. Typically, a time sufficient for thereaction in Step B4 is within the range of from about 0.5 hours to about36 hours, from about 1 hour to about 24 hours, or from about 4 hours toabout 16 hours. In a specific embodiment, the reaction according to StepB4 is carried out for about 12 hours.

In another embodiment, the reaction according to Step B4 is carried outin water with about a 6N initial concentration of HCl, at a temperaturewithin the range of from about 95° C. to about 105° C., and for a periodof about 12 hours with refluxing.

The resulting reaction mixture is cooled to about 25° C. and the solventis removed, e.g., under reduced pressure, to provide a1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid Compoundof Formula 13 a-h, which can be used without further purification or, ifdesired, can be purified using methods known to those skilled in theart. A Compound of Formula 13 a-h is useful, e.g., as an intermediatefor the synthesis of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

In Step B5 of Scheme B, the1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid Compoundof Formula 13 a-h is reacted in a single step procedure with a compoundof formula Ar²—NHR₄. In one embodiment, the present invention relates toa method for making a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound comprising allowinga 1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acidCompound of Formula 13 a-h to react with a compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄.In another embodiment, this reaction is in a single step. In anotherembodiment, the compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄ is4-trifluoromethyl-aniline. In another embodiment, the compound offormula Ar²—NHR₄ is 5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-ylamine. In anotherembodiment, the compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄ is2,2-difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylamine. Ar²—NHR₄ compounds arecommercially available from, e.g., Aldrich Chemical Co., or can beprepared by methods known to those skilled in the art.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B5 is carried out with aninitial amount of the a compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄ within the range offrom about 1 to about 5 equivalents, or within the range of from about 1to about 2 equivalents, on a molar basis, relative to the Compound ofFormula 13 a-h. In another embodiment, this reaction is carried out withabout 1 equivalent, on a molar basis, of the compound of formulaAr²—NHR₄, relative to the Compound of Formula 13 a-h.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B5 is carried out toinclude an initial amount of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) within therange of from about 0.1 to about 3 equivalents, or within the range offrom about 0.2 to about 1.5 equivalents, on a molar basis, relative tothe Compound of Formula 13 a-h. In another embodiment, this reaction iscarried out with about 1.25 equivalents, on a molar basis, of HOBt,relative to the Compound of Formula 13 a-h.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B5 is carried out toinclude an initial amount of DIC within the range of from about 0.1 toabout 3 equivalents, or within the range of from about 0.2 to about 1.5equivalents, on a molar basis, relative to the Compound of Formula 13a-h. In another embodiment, this reaction is carried out with about 1.25equivalents, on a molar basis, of DIC, relative to the Compound ofFormula 13 a-h. In another embodiment, this reaction is carried out toinclude an initial amount of DIC about identical with the initial amountof HOBt, each on a molar basis relative to the Compound of Formula 13a-h. HOBt and DIC are commercially available from, e.g., AldrichChemical Co., or can be prepared by methods known to those skilled inthe art.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 13 a-h is present in thereaction in Step B5 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 0.05M to about 10M, or at an initial concentration within therange of from about 0.1M to about 1M. In a specific embodiment, theCompound of Formula 13 a-h is present in the reaction at an initialconcentration of about 0.35M.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B5 is carried out at atemperature within the range of from about 0° C. to about 100° C.; at atemperature within the range of from about 0° C. to about 60° C.; or ata temperature within the range of from about 15° C. to about 30° C.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B5 is carried out in anaprotic solvent or in combinations of such solvents; aprotic solventshave been described above. In one embodiment, the aprotic solvent ispyridine, DMF or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, theaprotic solvent is DMF. In another embodiment, the aprotic solvent ispyridine.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 13 a-h is provided as asalt, e.g., the hydrochloride salt, which can be converted to the freeamine, using procedures known in the art, prior to reaction with thecompound of formula Ar²—NHR₄. For example, the hydrochloride salt of theCompound of Formula 13 a-h is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent,such as but not limited to chloroform, to provide a solution that isextracted with, e.g., a saturated aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃. Theorganic layer is recovered and the aqueous layer back-extracted with anadditional volume of the organic solvent. The organic solvent layers arecombined, extracted with water, dried, e.g., over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, and then the liquid is removed to provide the Compound ofFormula 13 a-h as the free amine.

The reaction in Step B5 can be carried out at reduced pressure,atmospheric pressure or elevated pressure, i.e., greater thanatmospheric pressure. In one embodiment, the reaction is carried out atatmospheric pressure. In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B5 iscarried out in an inert atmosphere. In one non-limiting aspect of thisembodiment, the reaction in Step B5 is carried out under a nitrogenatmosphere. In another non-limiting aspect of this embodiment, thereaction in Step B5 is carried out under an argon atmosphere.

Progress of the reaction in Step B5 can be monitored using conventionalanalytical techniques, including but not limited to IR, LC, MS, LCMS,TLC, HPLC, GC, GLC and/or NMR. The reaction according to Step B5 iscarried out, in one embodiment, until a starting material is consumedor, in another embodiment, until the ratio of product, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound, to starting material, the Compound ofFormula 13 a-h, remains essentially constant. Typically, a timesufficient for the reaction in Step B5 is within the range of from about0.5 hours to about 36 hours, from about 1 hour to about 24 hours, orfrom about 4 hours to about 16 hours. In a specific embodiment, thereaction according to Step B5 is carried out for about 12 hours.

In another embodiment, the reaction according to Step B5 is carried outin DMF with about 1 equivlent of a compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄,1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt, about 1.25 eq.), and DIC (about 1.25 eq.)relative to the Compound of Formula 13 a-h (present at an initialconcentration of about 0.35M), at a temperature within the range of fromabout 20° C. to about 25° C. for a period of about 12 hours withstirring.

Thereafter, the solvent is removed, e.g., under reduced pressure, toprovide a residue that can be purified, e.g., using a silica gel columneluted with 10:1 hexane:ethyl acetate, to provide a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound where V is N. Where m=1, a mixture of Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompounds where V is N is generally obtained. The mixture can beseparated by conventional methods, for example, column chromatography.

A Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound where V is N can also be obtained from aCompound of Formula 13 a-h by a two-step procedure, e.g., Step B6followed by Step B7. In one embodiment, the present invention relates toa method for making a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound comprising allowinga 1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acidCompound of Formula 13 a-h to react, in a plurality of steps; in onestep the reacting is with a compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄.

In Step B6 of Scheme B, the1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid Compoundof Formula 13 a-h is reacted with an excess of a Lewis acid comprisingchlorine, such as SOCl₂, COCl₂, PSCl₃, PCl₅ or POCl₃, which serves as areagent and can also serve as a solvent. In one embodiment, the presentinvention relates to a method for making a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compoundcomprising allowing a1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid Compoundof Formula 13 a-h to react with an excess of a Lewis acid comprisingchlorine. In another embodiment, the Lewis acid comprising chlorine isPOCl₃, PSCl₃, PCl₅, SOCl₂, COCl₂ or a mixture thereof. In anotherembodiment, the Lewis acid comprising chlorine is SOCl₂, COCl₂ or amixture thereof. In another embodiment, the Lewis acid comprisingchlorine is SOCl₂. In another embodiment, the Lewis acid comprisingchlorine is POCl₃. In another embodiment, the Lewis acid comprisingchlorine is COCl₂.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B6 is carried out with aninitial amount of the Lewis acid within the range of from about 1 toabout 100 equivalents, or within the range of from about 1 to about 50equivalents, on a molar basis, relative to the Compound of Formula 13a-h. In another embodiment, this reaction is carried out with about 24equivalents, on a molar basis, of the Lewis acid, relative to theCompound of Formula 13 a-h.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 13 a-h is present in thereaction in Step B6 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 0.05M to about 10M, or at an initial concentration within therange of from about 0.1M to about 5M. In a specific embodiment, theCompound of Formula 13 a-h is present in the reaction at an initialconcentration of about 0.6M.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B6 is carried out at atemperature within the range of from about 0° C. to about 100° C.; at atemperature within the range of from about 10° C. to about 60° C.; or ata temperature within the range of from about 15° C. to about 30° C.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B6 is carried out in anonpolar solvent, e.g., THF, an aprotic solvent or in combinations ofsuch solvents; nonpolar solvents and aprotic solvents have beendescribed above. In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B6 iscarried out without a solvent, i.e., the Lewis acid serves as thesolvent. In another embodiment, the solvent is THF. In anotherembodiment, the solvent is SOCl₂. In another embodiment, the solvent isPOCl₃. In another embodiment, the solvent is COCl₂.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 13 a-h is provided as asalt, e.g., the hydrochloride salt, which can be converted to the freeamine, using procedures known in the art, prior to reaction with theLewis acid. For example, the hydrochloride salt of the Compound ofFormula 13 a-h is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, such as butnot limited to chloroform, to provide a solution that is extracted with,e.g., a saturated aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃. The organic layer isrecovered and the aqueous layer back-extracted with an additional volumeof the organic solvent. The organic solvent layers are combined,extracted with water, dried, e.g., over anhydrous sodium sulfate, andthen the liquid is removed to provide the Compound of Formula 13 a-h asthe free amine.

The reaction in Step B6 can be carried out at reduced pressure,atmospheric pressure or elevated pressure, i.e., greater thanatmospheric pressure. In one embodiment, the reaction is carried out atatmospheric pressure. In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B6 iscarried out in an inert atmosphere. In one non-limiting aspect of thisembodiment, the reaction in Step B6 is carried out under a nitrogenatmosphere. In another non-limiting aspect of this embodiment, thereaction in Step B6 is carried out under an argon atmosphere.

Progress of the reaction in Step B6 can be monitored using conventionalanalytical techniques, including but not limited to IR, LC, MS, LCMS,TLC, HPLC, GC, GLC and/or NMR. The reaction according to Step B6 iscarried out, in one embodiment, until a starting material is consumedor, in another embodiment, until the ratio of product, a Compound ofFormula 14 a-h, to starting material, the Compound of Formula 13 a-h,remains essentially constant. Typically, a time sufficient for thereaction in Step B6 is within the range of from about 0.5 hours to about36 hours, from about 1 hour to about 24 hours, or from about 4 hours toabout 19 hours. In a specific embodiment, the reaction according to StepB6 is carried out for about 12 hours. In a specific embodiment, thereaction according to Step B6 is carried out for about 17 hours.

In another embodiment, the reaction according to Step B6 is carried outby reacting the Compound of Formula 13 a-h (about 1 eq.) with an excessof a Lewis acid comprising chlorine (about 24 eq.), at a temperature ofabout 25° C. for a period of about 12 hours with stirring to provide a1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carbonyl chlorideCompound of Formula 14 a-h, which can be used without furtherpurification or, if desired, can be purified using methods known tothose skilled in the art. A Compound of Formula 14 a-h is useful, e.g.,as an intermediate for the synthesis of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

In Step B7 of Scheme B, the1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carbonyl chlorideCompound of Formula 14 a-h is reacted with a compound of formulaAr²—NHR₄. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a methodfor making a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound comprising allowing a1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carbonyl chlorideCompound of Formula 14 a-h to react with a compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄.In another embodiment, the compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄ is4-trifluoromethyl-aniline. In another embodiment, the compound offormula Ar²—NHR₄ is 5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-ylamine. In anotherembodiment, the compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄ is2,2-difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylamine.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B7 is carried out with aninitial amount of the a compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄ within the range offrom about 1 to about 10 equivalents, or within the range of from about1 to about 5 equivalents, on a molar basis, relative to the Compound ofFormula 14 a-h. In another embodiment, this reaction is carried out withabout 1.5 equivalents, on a molar basis, of the compound of formulaAr²—NHR₄, relative to the Compound of Formula 14 a-h. In anotherembodiment, this reaction is carried out with about 1.2 equivalents, ona molar basis, of the compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄, relative to theCompound of Formula 14 a-h. In another embodiment, this reaction iscarried out with about 1.1 equivalents, on a molar basis, of thecompound of formula Ar²—NHR₄, relative to the Compound of Formula 14a-h.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B7 is carried out toinclude an initial amount of an organic base, an inorganic base or amixture thereof. In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B7 iscarried out to include an initial amount of an organic base, e.g.,pyridine or a trialkylamine, such as triethylamine, trimethylamine,methyl diethylamine or diisopropyl ethylamine, within the range of fromabout 1 to about 5 equivalents, or within the range of from about 1 toabout 2 equivalents, on a molar basis, relative to the Compound ofFormula 14 a-h. In another embodiment, this reaction is carried out withabout 1.25 equivalents, on a molar basis, of organic base, e.g.,trialkylamine, relative to the Compound of Formula 14 a-h. In oneembodiment, the trialkylamine is triethylamine, trimethylamine, methyldiethylamine, diisopropyl ethylamine or combinations thereof. In anotherembodiment, the trialkylamine is triethylamine. Trialkylamines arecommercially available from, e.g., Aldrich Chemical Co., or can beprepared by methods known to those skilled in the art.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B7 is carried out toinclude an initial amount of an inorganic base, such as sodiumbicarbonate, within the range of from about 1 to about 10 equivalents,or within the range of from about 1 to about 5 equivalents, on a molarbasis, relative to the Compound of Formula 14 a-h. In anotherembodiment, this reaction is carried out with about 3 equivalents, on amolar basis, of inorganic base, relative to the Compound of Formula 14a-h. In one embodiment, the inorganic base is sodium bicarbonate, sodiumcarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate or combinationsthereof. In another embodiment, the inorganic base is sodiumbicarbonate. In another embodiment, the inorganic base is potassiumcarbonate.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 14 a-h is present in thereaction in Step B7 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 0.05M to about 10M, at an initial concentration within the rangeof from about 0.1M to about 5M, at an initial concentration within therange of from about 0.1M to about 2M. In a specific embodiment, theCompound of Formula 14 a-h is present in the reaction at an initialconcentration of about 0.2M. In a specific embodiment, the Compound ofFormula 14 a-h is present in the reaction at an initial concentration ofabout 0.3M. In a specific embodiment, the Compound of Formula 14 a-h ispresent in the reaction at an initial concentration of about 0.5M.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B7 is carried out at atemperature within the range of from about 0° C. to about the boilingpoint of the solvent; at a temperature within the range of from about 0°C. to about 115° C.; at a temperature within the range of from about 0°C. to about 100° C.; at a temperature within the range of from about 0°C. to about 80° C.; at a temperature within the range of from about 40°C. to about 80° C.; or at a temperature within the range of from about15° C. to about 30° C.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B7 is carried out in anaprotic solvent or in combinations of such solvents; aprotic solventshave been described above. In one embodiment, the aprotic solvent isDCM, DCE, THF, pyridine or combinations thereof. In another embodiment,the aprotic solvent is DCM. In another embodiment, the aprotic solventis DCE. In another embodiment, the aprotic solvent is THF. In anotherembodiment, the aprotic solvent is pyridine. As pyridine can serve in adual role, i.e., simultaneously serve as a solvent and as an organicbase, as discussed above, if such a dual-role organic base is presentthen the reaction in Step B7 is carried out, in certain embodiments,with an initial amount of the dual-role organic base within the range offrom about 1 to about 100 equivalents, or within the range of from about1 to about 50 equivalents, on a molar basis, relative to the Compound ofFormula 14 a-h.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 14 a-h is provided as asalt, e.g., the hydrochloride salt, which can be converted to the freeamine, using procedures known in the art, prior to reaction with thecompound of formula Ar²—NHR₄. For example, the hydrochloride salt of theCompound of Formula 14 a-h is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent,such as but not limited to chloroform, to provide a solution that isextracted with, e.g., a saturated aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃. Theorganic layer is recovered and the aqueous layer back-extracted with anadditional volume of the organic solvent. The organic solvent layers arecombined, extracted with water, dried, e.g., over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, and then the liquid is removed to provide the Compound ofFormula 14 a-h as the free amine.

The reaction in Step B7 can be carried out at reduced pressure,atmospheric pressure or elevated pressure, i.e., greater thanatmospheric pressure. In one embodiment, the reaction is carried out atatmospheric pressure. In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step B7 iscarried out in an inert atmosphere. In one non-limiting aspect of thisembodiment, the reaction in Step B7 is carried out under a nitrogenatmosphere. In another non-limiting aspect of this embodiment, thereaction in Step B7 is carried out under an argon atmosphere.

Progress of the reaction in Step B7 can be monitored using conventionalanalytical techniques, including but not limited to IR, LC, MS, LCMS,TLC, HPLC, GC, GLC and/or NMR. The reaction according to Step B7 iscarried out, in one embodiment, until a starting material is consumedor, in another embodiment, until the ratio of product, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound, to starting material, the Compound ofFormula 14 a-h, remains essentially constant. Typically, a timesufficient for the reaction in Step B7 is within the range of from about0.5 hours to about 24 hours; from about 1 hour to about 19 hours; orfrom about 1 hour to about 17 hours. In a specific embodiment, thereaction according to Step B7 is carried out for about 1.6 hours. In aspecific embodiment, the reaction according to Step B7 is carried outfor about 4 hours. In a specific embodiment, the reaction according toStep B7 is carried out for about 16 hours.

In another specific embodiment, the reaction according to Step B7 iscarried out in DCM with about 1.5 equivalents of a compound of formulaAr²—NHR₄ and a trialkylamine, such as triethylamine, trimethylamine,methyl diethylamine or diisopropyl ethylamine (about 2.0 eq.) relativeto the Compound of Formula 14 a-h (present at an initial concentrationof about 0.2M). The resulting solution is degassed by bubbling nitrogenthrough the solution. The reaction mixture is kept at a temperaturewithin the range of from about 20° C. to about 25° C. for a period ofabout 4 hours with stirring.

In another specific embodiment, the reaction according to Step B7 iscarried out in pyridine with about 1.2 equivalents of a compound offormula Ar²—NHR₄ relative to the Compound of Formula 14 a-h (present atan initial concentration of about 0.5M). For example, a 0.5M suspensionof the Compound of Formula 14 a-h in pyridine can be added to a 0.5Msolution of a compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄ in pyridine about 25° C. toform a reaction mixture and the reaction mixture is kept at atemperature of about 70° C. for a period of about 16 hours withstirring.

In another specific embodiment, the reaction according to Step B7 iscarried out in THF at about 0° C. with about 1.1 equivalents of acompound of formula Ar²—NHR₄ and a base, such as sodium bicarbonate(about 3.0 eq.) relative to the Compound of Formula 14 a-h (present atan initial concentration of about 0.3M). The resulting solution isstirred at 0° C. for about 5 min, warmed to about 25° C. over a periodof about 30 min with stirring, and kept at about 65° C. for 1 hour withstirring. Thereafter, the solvent is removed, e.g., under reducedpressure, to provide a residue that suspended in ethyl acetate andwashed with aqueous 3N HCl such that separate aqueous and organic layersform. The layers can be separated and the aqueous layer extracted withethyl acetate as required. The organic layer can be combined with thepost-extraction ethyl acetate aliquot(s) and the combination dried,e.g., with Na₂SO₄.

Thereafter, in any of these specific embodiments for conducting thereaction according to Step B7, the solvent is removed, e.g., underreduced pressure, to provide a residue that can be purified, e.g., usinga silica gel column eluted with 10:1 hexane:ethyl acetate or using flashchromatography on a silica gel column with 1:1 (by volume) ethylacetate:hexane as an eluent, to provide a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compoundwhere V is N. As discussed above, if a mixture of Cyclo(betero)alkenylCompounds is obtained where m=1, the mixture can be separated byconventional methods, for example, column chromatography.

The Compound of Formula (I) where X is S can be made by, e.g., reactinga Compound of Formula (II) (i.e., where X is O) with Lawesson's reagentas described in connection with Scheme A. In another embodiment, theCompound of Formula (I) where X is S can be made by forming a dithioacid from the Compound of Formula 13 a-h, e.g., according to theprocedure described in Helvetica Chimica Acta 3:824-33 (1920). Thedithio acid can be reacted according to Step B5 of Scheme B or accordingto the two-step procedure of Scheme B, e.g., Step B6 followed by StepB7, as described above.

Thus, in another embodiment, a method for preparing aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound comprises allowing a1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid compoundto react with a compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄ to provide theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

In another embodiment, a method for preparing a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound comprises forming the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound from the1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid compoundin one step.

In another embodiment, a method for preparing a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound comprises forming the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound from the1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid compoundin a plurality of steps.

In another embodiment, a method for preparing a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound comprises:

(i) allowing a 1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylicacid compound to react with a Lewis acid comprising chlorine in a firststep to provide a1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carbonyl chloridecompound; and

(ii) allowing the1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carbonyl chloridecompound to react with the compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄ in a second stepto provide a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

In another embodiment, a method for preparing a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound comprises allowing a1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-cabonitrile compound toreact with an acidifying reagent to provide a 1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid compound.

In another embodiment, a method for preparing a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound comprises allowing a1-heteroaromatic-4-hydroxy-piperidine-4-carbonitrile compound to reactwith a dehydrogenation agent to provide a1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carbonitrile compound.

In another embodiment, a method for preparing a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound comprises allowing a 1-heteroaromatic-piperidin-4-one compoundto react with a cyanation reagent to provide the1-heteroaromatic-4-hydroxy-piperidine-4-carbonitrile compound.

In another embodiment, a method for preparing a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound comprises allowing a8-heteroaromatic-1,4-dioxa-8-aza-spiro[4.5]decane compound to react witha ketone-forming reagent to provide a 1-heteroaromatic-piperidin-4-onecompound.

In another embodiment, a method for preparing a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound comprises allowing a8-heteroaromatic-1,4-dioxa-8-aza-spiro[4.5]decane compound to react witha ketone-forming reagent to provide the 1-heteroaromatic-piperidin-4-onecompound.

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a compound offormula 4 a-h

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where:

Ar¹ is

R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, —NH₂, —C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo);

each R₂ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to        10-membered)heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or        substituted with one or more R₆ groups;

each R₃ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to 10-membered)        heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with        one or more R₆ groups;

each R₅ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₆ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH,-halo, —N₃, NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₇ is independently —H, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or CH₂(halo);

each halo is independently —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I;

m is 0 or 1 and when m is 1, R₃ is attached to the 2-, 3-, 5-, or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring;

n is an integer ranging from 0 to 3; and

p is an integer ranging from 0 to 2.

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a compound offormula 11 a-h

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where:

Ar¹ is

R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, —NH₂, —C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo);

each R₂ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to        10-membered)heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or        substituted with one or more R₆ groups;

each R₃ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to 10-membered)        heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with        one or more R₆ groups;

each R₅ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₆ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH,-halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₇ is independently —H, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or CH₂(halo);

each halo is independently —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I;

m is 0 or 1 and when m is 1, R₃ is attached to the 2-, 3-, 5-, or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring;

n is an integer ranging from 0 to 3; and

p is an integer ranging from 0 to 2.

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a compound offormula 12 a-h

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where:

Ar¹ is

R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —H, —OCH₃, —NH₂, —C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo);

each R₂ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to        10-membered)heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or        substituted with one or more R₆ groups;

each R₃ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to 10-membered)        heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with        one or more R₆ groups;

each R₅ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₆ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH,-halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)R₇;

each R₇ is independently —H, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or CH₂(halo);

each halo is independently —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I;

m is 0 or 1 and when m is 1, R₃ is attached to the 2-, 3-, 5-, or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring;

n is an integer ranging from 0 to 3; and

p is an integer ranging from 0 to 2.

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a compound offormula 13 a-h

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where:

Ar¹ is

R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, —NH₂, —C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo);

each R₂ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl,        —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to 7-membered)heterocycle, or        -(7- to 10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is        unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to        10-membered)heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or        substituted with one or more R₆ groups;

each R₃ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to 10-membered)        heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with        one or more R₆ groups;

each R₅ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₆ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH,-halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₇ is independently —H, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or CH₂(halo);

each halo is independently —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I;

m is 0 or 1 and when m is 1, R₃ is attached to the 2-, 3-, 5-, or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring;

n is an integer ranging from 0 to 3; and

p is an integer ranging from 0 to 2.

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a compound offormula 14 a-h

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where:

Ar¹ is

R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, —NH₂, —C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo);

each R₂ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to        10-membered)heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or        substituted with one or more R₆ groups;

each R₃ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to 10-membered)        heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with        one or more R₆ groups;

each R₅ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₆ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH,-halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₇ is independently —H, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or CH₂(halo);

each halo is independently —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I;

m is 0 or 1 and when m is 1, R₃ is attached to the 2-, 3-, 5-, or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring;

n is an integer ranging from 0 to 3; and

p is an integer ranging from 0 to 2.

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to methods formaking the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds where V is N from the aminoCompounds of Formula 17 a-l and the isonicotinoyl chloride Compounds ofFormula 16 by the following non-limiting illustrative method shown belowin Scheme C.

where R₃, R₄, R₈, R₉, Y, Ar¹, Ar², m, q, r and s are defined above and Zis Cl, Br or I.

In Step C1 of Scheme C, the isonicotinic acid Compound of Formula 15,which can be obtained, for example, commercially from, e.g., AldrichChemical Co., or can be prepared by methods known to those skilled inthe art, is reacted with an excess of a Lewis acid comprising chlorine,such as SOCl₂, COCl₂, PSCl₃, PCl₅ or POCl₃, which serves as a reagentand can also serve as a solvent. In one embodiment, the presentinvention relates to a method for making a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compoundcomprising allowing an isonicotinic acid Compound of Formula 15 to reactwith an excess of a Lewis acid comprising chlorine. In anotherembodiment, the Lewis acid comprising chlorine is POCl₃, PSCl₃, PCl₅,SOCl₂, COCl₂ or a mixture thereof. In another embodiment, the Lewis acidcomprising chlorine is SOCl₂, COCl₂ or a mixture thereof. In anotherembodiment, the Lewis acid comprising chlorine is SOCl₂. In anotherembodiment, the Lewis acid comprising chlorine is POCl₃. In anotherembodiment, the Lewis acid comprising chlorine is COCl₂.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C1 is carried out with aninitial amount of the Lewis acid within the range of from about 1 toabout 30 equivalents, or within the range of from about 1 to about 20equivalents, on a molar basis, relative to the Compound of Formula 15.In another embodiment, this reaction is carried out with about 11equivalents, on a molar basis, of the Lewis acid, relative to theCompound of Formula 15.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 15 is present in thereaction in Step C1 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 1M to about 4M, or at an initial concentration within the range offrom about 1M to about 2M. In a specific embodiment, the Compound ofFormula 15 is present in the reaction at an initial concentration ofabout 1.2M.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C1 is carried out at atemperature within the range of from about 10° C. to about 45° C.; at atemperature within the range of from about 10° C. to about 40° C.; or ata temperature within the range of from about 15° C. to about 30° C.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C1 is carried out in anaprotic solvent, e.g., acetone, MEK, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile,dioxane, N-methyl-pyrrolidone, DMF, DMAc, DMSO, pyridine, DCM, DCE andcombinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C1 iscarried out without a solvent, i.e., the Lewis acid serves as thesolvent. In another embodiment, the solvent is SOCl₂.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 15 is provided as asalt, e.g., the hydrochloride salt, which can be converted to the freeamine, using procedures known in the art, prior to reaction with theLewis acid. For example, the hydrochloride salt of the Compound ofFormula 15 is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, such as but notlimited to chloroform, to provide a solution that is extracted with,e.g., a saturated aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃. The organic layer isrecovered and the aqueous layer back-extracted with an additional volumeof the organic solvent. The organic solvent layers are combined,extracted with water, dried, e.g., over anhydrous sodium sulfate, andthen the liquid is removed to provide the Compound of Formula 15 as thefree amine.

The reaction in Step C1 can be carried out at reduced pressure,atmospheric pressure or elevated pressure, i.e., greater thanatmospheric pressure. In one embodiment, the reaction is carried out atatmospheric pressure. In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C1 iscarried out in an air atmosphere. In certain embodiments, the reactionin Step C1 is carried out in an inert atmosphere. In one non-limitingaspect of this embodiment, the reaction in Step C1 is carried out undera nitrogen atmosphere. In another non-limiting aspect of thisembodiment, the reaction in Step C1 is carried out under an argonatmosphere.

Progress of the reaction in Step C1 can be monitored using conventionalanalytical techniques, including but not limited to IR, LC, MS, LCMS,TLC, HPLC, GC, GLC and/or NMR. The reaction according to Step C1 iscarried out, in one embodiment, until a starting material is consumedor, in another embodiment, until the ratio of product, a Compound ofFormula 16, to starting material, the Compound of Formula 15, remainsessentially constant. Typically, a time sufficient for the reaction inStep C1 is within the range of from about 1 hour to about 48 hours, fromabout 5 hours to about 36 hours, or from about 10 hours to about 24hours. In a specific embodiment, the reaction according to Step C1 iscarried out for about 17 hours.

In another embodiment, the reaction according to Step C1 is carried outby reacting the Compound of Formula 15 (about 1 eq.) with an excess of aLewis acid comprising chlorine (about 11 eq.), at a temperature of about25° C. for a period of about 17 hours with stirring to provide anisonicotinolyl chloride Compound of Formula 16, which, after the Lewisacid comprising chlorine is removed, e.g., under reduced pressure, canbe used without further purification or, if desired, can be purified.For example, THF can be used to dissolve the Compound of Formula 16 andthe solvent can be removed, e.g., under reduced pressure, to provide apurified Compound of Formula 16.

In Step C2 of Scheme C, the isonicotinolyl chloride Compound of Formula16 is reacted with a compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄, e.g., a Compound ofFormula 17 a-l. In one embodiment, the present invention relates tomethod for making a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound comprising allowing anisonicotinolyl chloride Compound of Formula 16 to react with a compoundof formula Ar²—NHR₄. In another embodiment, the compound of formulaAr²—NHR₄ is 4-trifluoromethyl-aniline. In another embodiment, thecompound of formula Ar²—NHR₄ is 5-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-ylamine. Inanother embodiment, the compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄ is2,2-difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylamine. In another embodiment, thecompound of formula Ar²—NHR₄ is 6-fluoro-benzothiazol-2ylamine.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C2 is carried out with aninitial amount of the a compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄ within the range offrom about 1 to about 2 equivalents, or within the range of from about 1to about 1.5 equivalents, on a molar basis, relative to the Compound ofFormula 16. In another embodiment, this reaction is carried out withabout 1.1 equivalents, on a molar basis, of the compound of formulaAr²—NHR₄, relative to the Compound of Formula 16.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 16 is present in thereaction in Step C2 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 0.05M to about 2M, or at an initial concentration within the rangeof from about 0.1M to about 1M. In a specific embodiment, the Compoundof Formula 16 is present in the reaction at an initial concentration ofabout 0.3M.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C2 is carried out toinclude an initial amount of a base, such as an inorganic base, e.g.,sodium bicarbonate, within the range of from about 1 to about 10equivalents, or within the range of from about 1 to about 5 equivalents,on a molar basis, relative to the Compound of Formula 16. In anotherembodiment, this reaction is carried out with about 3 equivalents, on amolar basis, of base, relative to the Compound of Formula 16. In oneembodiment, the inorganic base is sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate,potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate or combinations thereof. Inanother embodiment, the base is sodium bicarbonate. In anotherembodiment, the base is potassium carbonate.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C2 is carried out at atemperature within the range of from about −10° C. to about 80° C.; at atemperature within the range of from about −10° C. to about 65° C.; orat a temperature within the range of from about 0° C. to about 65° C.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C2 is carried out in anonpolar solvent, e.g., hexane, heptane, benzene, diethyl ether, THF,DCM, DCE, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and combinations thereof. Inone embodiment, the nonpolar solvent is THF, DCM, DCE or combinationsthereof. In another embodiment, the nonpolar solvent is THF. In anotherembodiment, the nonpolar solvent is DCM.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 17 a-l is provided as asalt, e.g., the hydrochloride salt, which can be converted to the freeamine, using procedures known in the art, prior to reaction in Step C2.For example, the hydrochloride salt of the Compound of Formula 17 a-l isdissolved in a suitable organic solvent, such as but not limited tochloroform, to provide a solution that is extracted with, e.g., asaturated aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃. The organic layer is recovered andthe aqueous layer back-extracted with an additional volume of theorganic solvent. The organic solvent layers are combined, extracted withwater, dried, e.g., over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then the liquidis removed to provide the Compound of Formula 17 a-l as the free amine.

The reaction in Step C2 can be carried out at reduced pressure,atmospheric pressure or elevated pressure, i.e., greater thanatmospheric pressure. In one embodiment, the reaction is carried out atatmospheric pressure. In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C2 iscarried out in an air atmosphere. In certain embodiments, the reactionin Step C2 is carried out in an inert atmosphere. In one non-limitingaspect of this embodiment, the reaction in Step C2 is carried out undera nitrogen atmosphere. In another non-limiting aspect of thisembodiment, the reaction in Step C2 is carried out under an argonatmosphere.

Progress of the reaction in Step C2 can be monitored using conventionalanalytical techniques, including but not limited to IR, LC, MS, LCMS,TLC, HPLC, GC, GLC and/or NMR. The reaction according to Step C2 iscarried out, in one embodiment, until a starting material is consumedor, in another embodiment, until the ratio of product, theisonicotinamide Compound of Formula 18 a-l, to starting material, theCompound of Formula 16, remains essentially constant. Typically, a timesufficient for the reaction in Step C2 is within the range of from about5 minutes to about 5 hours, from about 5 minutes to about 3 hours, orfrom about 15 minutes to about 3 hours. In a specific embodiment, thereaction according to Step C2 is carried out for about 1.6 hours.

In another embodiment, the reaction according to Step C2 is carried outin THF with about 1.1 equivalents of a compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄ anda base, such as sodium bicarbonate (about 3 eq.), each relative to theCompound of Formula 16 (present at an initial concentration of about0.3M). The reaction mixture is kept at a temperature of about 0° C. forabout 5 min with stirring, warmed to about 25° C. over about 30 min,then heated to about 65° C. and kept at that temperature for about 1 hto provide an isonicotinamide Compound of Formula 18 a-l, which, afterthe THF is removed, e.g., under reduced pressure, can be used withoutfurther purification or, if desired, can be purified. For example, theCompound of Formula 18 a-l can be suspended in ethyl acetate and washedwith aqueous 3N HCl such that separate aqueous and organic layers form.The layers can be separated and the aqueous layer extracted with ethylacetate as required. The organic layer can be combined with thepost-extraction ethyl acetate aliquot(s), the combination dried, e.g.,with Na₂SO₄, and the solvent removed, e.g., under reduced pressure, toprovide a purified Compound of Formula 18 a-l. A Compound of Formula 18a-l is useful, e.g., as an intermediate for the synthesis of aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

In Step C3 of Scheme C, the isonicotinamide Compound of Formula 18 a-lis reacted with an alkylating reagent of the formula Z—CH₂—R_(z), whereZ is Cl, Br or I, and R_(z) is —H; —(C₁-C₆)alkyl; —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl or-(3- to 7-membered)heterocyclo, each of which is optionally substitutedwith one or more R₅ groups; or -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to10-membered)heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with oneor more R₆ groups; where R₅ and R₆ are defined above in connection withthe Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds of Formula (I). In one embodiment,the present invention relates to a method for making aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound comprising allowing an isonicotinamideCompound of Formula 18 a-l to react with an alkylating reagent of theformula Z—CH₂—R₂. In another embodiment, R_(z) is —H; —(C₁-C₆)alkyl; or-phenyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more R₆ groups. Inanother embodiment, R_(z) is —H, —(C₁-C₄)alkyl, or -phenyl which isunsubstituted. In another embodiment, R_(z) is -phenyl which isunsubstituted. Exemplary alkylating reagents include methyl iodide,methyl bromide, ethyl iodide, ethyl bromide, benzyl bromide, benzyliodide, benzyl chloride, 4-methoxybenzyl bromide, and 4-methoxybenzyliodide. In another embodiment, the alkylating reagent is a benzylatingreagent, i.e., comprises a benzyl group. Exemplary benzylating reagentsinclude benzyl bromide, benzyl iodide, benzyl chloride, 4-methoxybenzylbromide, 4-methoxybenzyl iodide, 4-methoxybenzyl chloride, or a mixturethereof. In another embodiment, the benzylating reagent is benzylbromide, benzyl iodide, benzyl chloride or a mixture thereof. In anotherembodiment, the benzylating reagent is benzyl bromide. In anotherembodiment, the benzylating reagent is benzyl iodide. In anotherembodiment, the benzylating reagent is benzyl chloride. In anotherembodiment, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, tetrabutylammonium iodide,or combinations thereof is present with an alkylating reagent comprisingchlorine.

In certain embodiments, the alkylating reagent is present in thereaction in Step C3 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 0.05M to about 2M, or at an initial concentration within the rangeof from about 0.1M to about 2M. In a specific embodiment, the Compoundof Formula 18 a-l is present in the reaction at an initial concentrationof about 0.35M.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 18 a-l is present in thereaction in Step C3 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 0.05M to about 5M, or at an initial concentration within the rangeof from about 0.1M to about 2M. In a specific embodiment, the Compoundof Formula 18 a-l is present in the reaction at an initial concentrationof about 0.24M.

In certain embodiments, the reaction Step C3 is carried out at atemperature within the range of from about 60° C. to about the boilingpoint of the solvent; at a temperature within the range of from about65° C. to about 100° C.; or at a temperature within the range of fromabout 75° C. to about 85° C.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C3 is carried out in anonpolar solvent, e.g., hexane, heptane, benzene, diethyl ether, THF,DCM, DCE, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and combinations thereof. Inone embodiment, the nonpolar solvent is THF, DMF or combinationsthereof. In another embodiment, the nonpolar solvent is a mixture of THFand DMF. In another embodiment, the mixture of THF:DMF is from about 8:1to about 1:1, or from about 5:1 to about 1:1 by volume. In anotherembodiment, the mixture of THF:DMF is about 4:1 by volume.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 18 a-l is provided as asalt, e.g., the hydrochloride salt, which can be converted to the freeamine, using procedures known in the art, prior to reaction with thealkylating reagent. For example, the hydrochloride salt of the Compoundof Formula 18 a-l is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, such asbut not limited to chloroform, to provide a solution that is extractedwith, e.g., a saturated aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃. The organic layer isrecovered and the aqueous layer back-extracted with an additional volumeof the organic solvent. The organic solvent layers are combined,extracted with water, dried, e.g., over anhydrous sodium sulfate, andthen the liquid is removed, such as by evaporation under reducedpressure, e.g., with a rotary evaporator, to provide the Compound ofFormula 18 a-l as the free amine.

The reaction in Step C3 can be carried out at reduced pressure,atmospheric pressure or elevated pressure, i.e., greater thanatmospheric pressure. In one embodiment, the reaction is carried out atatmospheric pressure. In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C3 iscarried out in an air atmosphere. In certain embodiments, the reactionin Step C3 is carried out in an inert atmosphere. In one non-limitingaspect of this embodiment, the reaction in Step C3 is carried out undera nitrogen atmosphere. In another non-limiting aspect of thisembodiment, the reaction in Step C3 is carried out under an argonatmosphere.

Progress of the reaction in Step C3 can be monitored using conventionalanalytical techniques, including but not limited to IR, LC, MS, LCMS,TLC, HPLC, GC, GLC and/or NMR. The reaction according to Step C3 iscarried out, in one embodiment, until a starting material is consumedor, in another embodiment, until the ratio of product, a1-alkylated-isonicotinamide Compound of Formula 19 a-l, to startingmaterial, the Compound of Formula 18 a-l, remains essentially constant.Typically, a time sufficient for the reaction in Step C3 is within therange of from about 1 hour to about 48 hours, from about 3 hours toabout 48 hours, or from about 10 hours to about 36 hours. In a specificembodiment, the reaction according to Step C3 is carried out for about24 hours.

In another embodiment, the reaction according to Step C3 is carried outin 4:1 THF:DMF by volume with the Compound of Formula 18 a-l present atan initial concentration of about 0.24M, with about a 0.35M initialconcentration of benzyl bromide, at a temperature of about 80° C., andfor a period of about 24 hours under reflux. Thereafter, the1-alkylated-isonicotinamide Compound of Formula 19 a-l is recoveredusing methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, thereaction mixture can be cooled to about 25° C. and the resulting solidcan be filtered off. A mjority of the THF can be removed from thefiltrate, e.g., under reduced pressure. Diethyl ether can be added tocause a precipitate to form from the DMF-enriched solution. Theresulting solid can be filtered off and the solids can be combined anddried to provide the 1-alkylated-isonicotinamide Compound of Formula 19a-l. A Compound of Formula 19 a-l is useful, e.g., as an intermediatefor the synthesis of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

In Step C4 of Scheme C, the 1-alkylated-isonicotinamide Compound ofFormula 19 a-l is reacted with a hydrogenation agent, e.g., NaBH₄ orLiBH₄. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method formaking a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound comprising allowing a1-alkylated-isonicotinamide Compound of Formula 19 a-l to react with ahydrogenation agent. In another embodiment, the hydrogenation agent isNaBH₄, LiBH₄ or a mixture thereof. In another embodiment, thehydrogenation agent is NaBH₄. Hydrogenation agents are commerciallyavailable from, e.g., Aldrich Chemical Co., or can be prepared bymethods known to those skilled in the art.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C4 is carried out with aninitial amount of hydrogenation agent within the range of from about 1to about 10 equivalents, or within the range of from about 1 to about 6equivalents, on a molar basis, relative to the Compound of Formula 19a-l. In another embodiment, this reaction is carried out with about 3.2equivalents, on a molar basis, of hydrogenation agent, relative to theCompound of Formula 19 a-l.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 19 a-l is present in thereaction in Step C4 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 0.01M to about 5M, or at an initial concentration within the rangeof from about 0.05M to about 2M. In a specific embodiment, the Compoundof Formula 19 a-l is present in the reaction at an initial concentrationof about 0.18M.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C4 is carried out at atemperature within the range of from about −10° C. to about 50° C.; at atemperature within the range of from about −10° C. to about 40° C.; orat a temperature within the range of from about 0° C. to about 30° C.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C4 is carried out in apolar protic nonaqueous solvent, such as an alcohol, e.g., methanol,ethanol, a dialkylamide, e.g., dimethyl formamide dimethyl formamide,methyl ethyl formamide, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, thepolar protic nonaqueous solvent is an alcohol, a dialkylamide orcombinations thereof. In another embodiment, the polar protic nonaqueoussolvent is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or combinations thereof. Inanother embodiment, the polar protic nonaqueous solvent is methanol. Inanother embodiment, the polar protic nonaqueous solvent is dimethylformamide, dimethyl formamide, methyl ethyl formamide or combinationsthereof. In another embodiment, the polar protic nonaqueous solvent isdimethyl formamide.

The reaction in Step C4 can be carried out at reduced pressure,atmospheric pressure or elevated pressure, i.e., greater thanatmospheric pressure. In one embodiment, the reaction is carried out atatmospheric pressure. In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C4 iscarried out in an air atmosphere. In certain embodiments, the reactionin Step C4 is carried out in an inert atmosphere. In one non-limitingaspect of this embodiment, the reaction in Step C4 is carried out undera nitrogen atmosphere. In another non-limiting aspect of thisembodiment, the reaction in Step C4 is carried out under an argonatmosphere.

Progress of the reaction in Step C4 can be monitored using conventionalanalytical techniques, including but not limited to IR, LC, MS, LCMS,TLC, HPLC, GC, GLC and/or NMR. The reaction according to Step C4 iscarried out, in one embodiment, until a starting material is consumedor, in another embodiment, until the ratio of product, a1-alkylated-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amide Compoundof Formula 20 a-l, to starting material, the Compound of Formula 19 a-l,remains essentially constant. Typically, a time sufficient for thereaction in Step C4 is within the range of from about 5 minutes to about10 hours, from about 5 minutes to about 5 hours, or from about 15minutes to about 5 hours. In a specific embodiment, the reactionaccording to Step C4 is carried out for about 3.5 hours.

In another embodiment, the reaction according to Step C4 is carried outat about 0° C. in an alcohol with about 3.2 equivalents, on a molarbasis, of a hydrogenation agent, relative to the Compound of Formula 19a-l, added portion-wise over a period of about 30 min. Thereafter, thereaction mixture can be stirred for about 1 h at about 0° C. and warmedto about 25° C. over about a 2 hour period to provide a1-alkylated-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amide Compoundof Formula 20 a-I, which, after the alcohol is removed, e.g., underreduced pressure, can he used without further purification or, ifdesired, can be purified. For example, the Compound of Formula 20 a-Ican be diluted with brine and ethyl acetate such that separate aqueousand organic layers form. The layers can be separated and the aqueouslayer washed with ethyl acetate as required. The organic layer can becombined with the post-washing ethyl acetate aliquot(s), the combinationdried, e.g., with Na₂SO₄, and the solvent removed, e.g., under reducedpressure, to provide purified Compound of Formula 20 a-I which can beused without additional purification or, if desired, can be furtherpurified. For example, the purified Compound of Formula 20 a-I can bedissolved in DCM and precipitated by adding hexane to the DCM solution.The resulting solid can be filtered off and dried to provide furtherpurified Compound of Formula 20 a-I. A Compound of Formula 20 a-I isuseful, e.g., as an intermediate for the synthesis of aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

In Step C5 of Scheme C, the1-alkylated-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amide Compoundof Formula 20 a-I is reacted with a dealkylating reagent, e.g.,α-chloroethylchloroformate. In one embodiment, the present inventionrelates to a method for making a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compoundcomprising allowing a1-alkylated-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amide Compoundof Formula 20 a-I to react with a dealkylating reagent. In anotherembodiment, the dealkylating reagent is a-chloroethylchloroformate,2,2,2-trichloroethylchloroformate or a mixture thereof. In anotherembodiment, the dealkylating reagent is a-chloroethylchloroformate. Inanother embodiment, the dealkylating reagent is2,2,2-trichloroethylchloroformate. Dealkylating reagents arecommercially available from, e.g., Aldrich Chemical Co., or can beprepared by methods known to those skilled in the art.

In certain embodiments, the dealkylating reagent is present in thereaction in Step C5 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 0.05M to about 4M, or at an initial concentration within the rangeof from about 0.06M to about 4M. In a specific embodiment, thedealkylating reagent is present in the reaction at an initialconcentration of about 0.32M.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 20 a-I is present in thereaction in Step C5 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 0.01M to about 5M, or at an initial concentration within the rangeof from about 0.05M to about 2M. In a specific embodiment, the Compoundof Formula 20 a-I is present in the reaction at an initial concentrationof about 0.17M.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C5 is carried out at atemperature within the range of from about 0° C. to about the boilingpoint of the solvent; at a temperature within the range of from about 0°C. to about 100° C.; or at a temperature within the range of from about0° C. to about 90° C.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C5 is carried out in anonpolar solvent, e.g., hexane, heptane, benzene, diethyl ether, THF,DCM, DCE, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and combinations thereof. Inone embodiment, the nonpolar solvent is DCE, THF or combinationsthereof. In another embodiment, the nonpolar solvent is DCE. In anotherembodiment, the nonpolar solvent is THF.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 20 a-I is provided as asalt, e.g., the hydrochloride salt, which can be converted to the freeamine, using procedures known in the art, prior to reaction with thedealkylating reagent. For example, the hydrochloride salt of theCompound of Formula 20 a-I is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent,such as but not limited to chloroform, to provide a solution that isextracted with, e.g., a saturated aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃. Theorganic layer is recovered and the aqueous layer back-extracted with anadditional volume of the organic solvent. The organic solvent layers arecombined, extracted with water, dried, e.g., over anhydrous sodiumsulfate, and then the liquid is removed, such as by evaporation underreduced pressure, e.g., with a rotary evaporator, to provide theCompound of Formula 20 a-I as the free amine.

The reaction in Step C5 can be carried out at reduced pressure,atmospheric pressure or elevated pressure, i.e., greater thanatmospheric pressure. In one embodiment, the reaction is carried out atatmospheric pressure. In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C5 iscarried out in an air atmosphere. In certain embodiments, the reactionin Step C5 is carried out in an inert atmosphere. In one non-limitingaspect of this embodiment, the reaction in Step C5 is carried out undera nitrogen atmosphere. In another non-limiting aspect of thisembodiment, the reaction in Step C5 is carried out under an argonatmosphere.

Progress of the reaction in Step C5 can be monitored using conventionalanalytical techniques, including but not limited to IR, LC, MS, LCMS,TLC, HPLC, GC, GLC and/or NMR. The reaction according to Step C5 iscarried out, in one embodiment, until a starting material is consumedor, in another embodiment, until the ratio of product, a1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amide Compound of Formula21 a-I, to starting material, the Compound of Formula 20 a-I, remainsessentially constant. Typically, a time sufficient for the reaction inStep C5 is within the range of from about 0.3 hours to about 48 hours,from about 0.5 hours to about 48 hours, or from about 0.5 hours to about5 hours. In a specific embodiment, the reaction according to Step C5 iscarried out for about 4.75 hours.

In another embodiment, the reaction according to Step C5 is carried outin DCE with the Compound of Formula 20 a-I present at an initialconcentration of about 0.17M, with about a 0.32M initial concentrationof α-chloroethylchloroformate (after adding drop-wise over a 15 minuteperiod) at a temperature of about 0° C. The reaction mixture can bewarmed to about 25° C. over a period of about 30 min then heated toabout 83° C. for about 4 hours at that temperature to provide a1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amide Compound of Formula21 a-I, which, after the solvent and unreactedα-chloroethylchloroformate are removed, e.g., under reduced pressure,can be used without further purification or, if desired, can bepurified. For example, the Compound of Formula 21 a-I can be dissolvedin methanol, refluxed for about 3 hours at a temperature of about 65°C., and the methanol removed, e.g., under reduced pressure, to providepurified Compound of Formula 21 a-I which can be used without additionalpurification or, if desired, can be further purified. For example, thepurified Compound of Formula 21 a-I can be dissolved in DCM andprecipitated by adding diethyl ether to the DCM solution. The resultingsolid can be filtered off and dried to provide further purified Compoundof Formula 21 a-I. A Compound of Formula 21 a-I is useful, e.g., as anintermediate for the synthesis of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

In Step C6 of Scheme C, the 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylicacid amide Compound of Formula 21 a-I is reacted with a compound offormula Ar¹—Z, where Z is Cl, Br or I. In one embodiment, the presentinvention relates to a method for making a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compoundcomprising allowing a 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acidamide Compound of Formula 21 a-I to react with a compound of formulaAr¹—Z. In another embodiment, the compound of formula Ar¹—Z is2-chloro-3-nitropyridine. In another embodiment, the compound of formulaAr¹—Z is 2,3-dichlnropyridine. In another embodiment, compound offormula Ar¹—Z is 2-chloro-3 -fluoropyridine.

In certain embodiments, the compound of formula Ar¹—Z is present in thereaction in Step C6 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 0.01M to about 5M, or at an initial concentration within the rangeof from about 0.05M to about 3M. In a specific embodiment, the compoundof formula Ar¹—Z is present in the reaction at an initial concentrationof about 0.064M.

In certain embodiments, the Compound of Formula 21 a-I is present in thereaction in Step C6 at an initial concentration within the range of fromabout 0.01M to about 5M, or at an initial concentration within the rangeof from about 0.05M to about 3M. In a specific embodiment, the Compoundof Formula 21 a-I is present in the reaction at an initial concentrationof about 0.068M.

In certain embodiments, a trialkylamine, such as triethylamine,trimethylamine, methyl diethylamine or diisopropyl ethylamine, ispresent in the reaction in Step C6 at an initial concentration withinthe range of from about 0.01M to about 5M, or at an initialconcentration within the range of from about 0.05M to about 3M. In aspecific embodiment, the trialkylamine is present in the reaction at aninitial concentration of about 0.27M. In one embodiment, thetrialkylamine is triethylamine, trimethylamine, methyl diethylamine,diisopropyl ethylamine or combinations thereof. In another embodiment,the trialkylamine is triethylamine.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C6 is carried out at atemperature within the range of from about 15° C. to about 140° C.; at atemperature within the range of from about 25° C. to about 140° C.; orat a temperature within the range of from about 15° C. to about 30° C.

In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C6 is carried out in asolvent, e.g., hexane, heptane, benzene, diethyl ether, TRF, DCM, DCE,chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, DMF, DMSO, and combinations thereof.In one embodiment, the nonpolar solvent is DCE, THF or combinationsthereof. In another embodiment, the nonpolar solvent is DCE.

The reaction in Step C6 can be carried out at reduced pressure,atmospheric pressure or elevated pressure, i.e., greater thanatmospheric pressure. In one embodiment, the reaction is carried out atatmospheric pressure. In certain embodiments, the reaction in Step C6 iscarried out in an air atmosphere. In certain embodiments, the reactionin Step C6 is carried out in an inert atmosphere. In one non-limitingaspect of this embodiment, the reaction in Step C6 is carried out undera nitrogen atmosphere. In another non-limiting aspect of thisembodiment, the reaction in Step C6 is carried out under an argonatmosphere.

Progress of the reaction in Step C6 can be monitored using conventionalanalytical techniques, including but not limited to IR, LC, MS, LCMS,TLC, HPLC, GC, GLC and/or NMR. The reaction according to Step C6 iscarried out, in one embodiment, until a starting material is consumedor, in another embodiment, until the ratio of product, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound, to starting material, the Compound ofFormula 21 a-I, remains essentially constant. Typically, a timesufficient for the reaction in Step C6 is within the range of from about0.5 hours to about 48 hours, from about 0.5 hours to about 36 hours, orfrom about 3 hours to about 24 hours. In a specific embodiment, thereaction according to Step C6 is carried out for about 12 hours.

In another embodiment, the reaction according to Step C6 is carried outin DCE with about 0.064M of a compound of formula Ar¹—Z, about 0.068M ofa Compound of Formula 21 a-I, and about 0.27M of a trialkylamine, suchas triethylamine, trimethylamine, methyl diethylamine or diisopropylethylamine. The reaction mixture is kept at a temperature within therange of from about 20° C. to about 30° C. for a period of about 12hours with stirring. Thereafter, the mixture can be poured into aqueoussodium bicarbonate and DCM such that separate aqueous and organic layersform. The organic layer is separated from the aqueous layer. The organiclayer is dried, e.g., with Na₂SO₄, and the solvent is removed, e.g.,under reduced pressure, to provide a residue that can be used withoutfurther purification or, if desired, can be purified to provide aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound where V is N. For example, the residue canbe dissolved in DCM and precipitated by adding hexane to the DCMsolution. The resulting solid can be filtered off and dried to provide apurified Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound where V is N. As discussed above,if a mixture of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds is obtained where m=1,the mixture can be separated by conventional methods, for example,column chromatography.

The Compound of Formula (I) where X is S (i.e., the Compound of Formula(II′)) can be made by, e.g., reacting a Compound of Formula (II) (i.e.,where X is O) with Lawesson's reagent as described in connection withScheme A.

Thus, in another embodiment, a method for preparing aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound comprises allowing a1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amide compound to reactwith a compound of formula Ar¹—Z to provide a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound; where Z is Cl, Br or I.

In another embodiment, a method for preparing a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound comprises allowing a1-alkylated-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amide compoundto react with a dealkylating reagent to provide a1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amide compound.

In another embodiment, a method for preparing a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound comprises allowing a 1-alkylated-isonicotinamide compound toreact with a hydrogenation agent to provide a1-alkylated-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amidecompound.

In another embodiment, a method for preparing a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound comprises allowing an isonicotinamide compound to react with analkylating reagent to provide a 1-alkylated-isonicotinamide compound.

In another embodiment, in method for preparing a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound, the alkylating reagent is a benzylating reagent selected frombenzyl bromide, benzyl iodide, benzyl chloride or a mixture thereof.

In another embodiment, a method for preparing a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound comprises forming the isonicotinamide compound by allowing anisonicotinolyl chloride compound to react with a compound of formulaAr²—NHR₄;

where R₄ is —H or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl; and

Ar² is

where Y₁ and Y₂ are —CH₂— and —CH₂—, —O— and —O—, —NH— and —NH—, —S— and—S—, —CH₂— and —O—, —CH₂— and —NH—, —CH₂— and —S—, —O— and —CH₂—, —NH—and —CH₂—, —S— and —CH₂—, —O— and —NH—, —NH— and —O—, —S— and —NH—, or—NH— and —S— respectively;

each R₇ is independently —H, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or CH₂(halo);

each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, —S(O)₂R₇, —R₇OR₇, —R₇COR₇, —R₇C(O)OR₇, —R₇OC(O)R₇, —R₇OC(O)OR₇,—R₇SR₇, —R₇S(O)R₇, —R₇S(O)₂R₇, —C(halo)₂C(halo)₃, —C(halo)₂CH(halo)₂,—CH(C(halo)₃)₂, —CH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —OC(halo)₂C(halo)₃,—OC(halo)₂CH(halo)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —C(OH)(CF₃)₂,—(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, or -(3- to 7-membered)heterocycle;

each R₉ is independently —H, -halo or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

each R₁₁ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR_(S), —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, or —OC(O)OR₇;

each halo is independently —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I;

q is an integer ranging from 0 to 6;

r is an integer ranging from 0 to 5; and

s is an integer ranging from 0 to 4.

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a compound offormula 18 a-1

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where:

Ar² is

Y₁ and Y₂ are —CH₂— and —CH₂—, —O— and —O—, —NH— and —NH—, —S— and —S—,—CH₂— and —O—, —CH₂— and —NH—, —CH₂— and —S—, —O— and —CH₂—, —NH— and—CH₂—, —S— and —CH₂—, —O— and —NH—, —NH— and —O—, —S— and —NH—, or —NH—and —S— respectively;

each R₃ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to 10-membered)        heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with        one or more R₆ groups;

R₄ is —H or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

each R₅ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₆ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH,-halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₇ is independently —H, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or CH₂(halo);

each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, —S(O)₂R₇, —R₇OR₇, —R₇COR₇, —R₇C(O)OR₇, —R₇OC(O)R₇, —R₇OC(O)OR₇,—R₇SR₇, —R₇S(O)R₇, —R₇S(O)₂R₇, —C(halo)₂C(halo)₃, —C(halo)₂CH(halo)₂,—CH(C(halo)₃)₂, —CH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —OC(halo)₂C(halo)₃,—OC(halo)₂CH(halo)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —C(OH)(CF₃)₂,—(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, or -(3- to 7-membered)heterocycle;

each R₉ is independently —H, -halo or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

each R₁₁ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, or —OC(O)OR₇;

each halo is independently —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I;

m is 0 or 1 and when m is 1, R₃ is attached to the 2-, 3-, 5-, or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring;

q is an integer ranging from 0 to 6;

r is an integer ranging from 0 to 5; and

s is an integer ranging from 0 to 4.

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a compound offormula 19 a-1

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where:

Ar² is

Y₁ and Y₂ are —CH₂— and —CH₂—, —O— and —O—, —NH— and —NH—, —S— and —S—,—CH₂— and —O—, —CH₂— and —NH—, —CH₂— and —S—, —O— and —CH₂—, —NH— and—CH₂—, —S— and —CH₂—, —O— and —NH—, —NH— and —O—, —S— and —NH—, or —NH—and —S— respectively;

each R₃ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to 10-membered)        heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with        one or more R₆ groups;

R₄ is —H or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

each R₅ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR_(S), —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₆ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH,-halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₇ is independently —H, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or CH₂(halo);

each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, —S(O)₂R₇, —R₇OR₇, —R₇COR₇, —R₇C(O)OR₇, —R₇OC(O)R₇, —R₇OC(O)OR₇,—R₇SR₇, —R₇S(O)R₇, —R₇S(O)₂R₇, —C(halo)₂C(halo)₃, —C(halo)₂CH(halo)₂,—CH(C(halo)₃)₂, —CH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —OC(halo)₂C(halo)₃,—OC(halo)₂CH(halo)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —C(OH)(CF₃)₂,—(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, or -(3- to 7-membered)heterocycle;

each R₉ is independently —H, -halo or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

each R₁₁ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, or —OC(O)OR₇;

each halo is independently —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I;

m is 0 or 1 and when m is 1, R₃ is attached to the 2-, 3-, 5-, or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring;

q is an integer ranging from 0 to 6;

r is an integer ranging from 0 to 5;

s is an integer ranging from 0 to 4;

R_(z) is -phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or more R₆groups, —H or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl; and

Z is Cl, Br or I.

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a compound offormula 20 a-1

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where:

Ar² is

Y₁ and Y₂ are —CH₂— and —CH₂—, —O— and —O—, —NH— and —NH—, —S— and —S—,—CH₂— and —O—, —CH₂— and —NH—, —CH₂— and —S—, —O— and —CH₂—, —NH— and—CH₂—, —S— and —CH₂—, —O— and —NH—, —NH— and —O—, —S— and —NH—, or —NH—and —S— respectively;

each R₃ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl, —(C₈-C        ₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to 10-membered)        heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with        one or more R₆ groups;

R₄ is —H or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

each R₅ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₆ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH,-halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₇ is independently —H, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or CH₂(halo);

each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, —S(O)₂R₇, —R₇OR₇, —R₇COR₇, —R₇C(O)OR₇, —R₇OC(O)R₇, —R₇OC(O)OR₇,—R₇SR₇, —R₇S(O)R₇, —R₇S(O)₂R₇, —C(halo)₂C(halo)₃, —C(halo)₂CH(halo)₂,—CH(C(halo)₃)₂, —CH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —OC(halo)₂C(halo)₃,—OC(halo)₂CH(halo)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —C(OH)(CF₃)₂,—(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, or -(3- to 7-membered)heterocycle;

each R₉ is independently —H, -halo or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

each R₁₁ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, or —OC(O)OR₇;

each halo is independently —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I;

m is 0 or 1 and when m is 1, R₃ is attached to the 2-, 3-, 5-, or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring;

q is an integer ranging from 0 to 6;

r is an integer ranging from 0 to 5;

s is an integer ranging from 0 to 4; and

R_(z) is -phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or more R₆groups, —H or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a compound offormula 21 a-1

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where:

Ar² is

Y₁ and Y₂ are —CH₂— and —CH₂—, —O— and —O—, —NH— and —NH—, —S— and —S—,—CH₂— and —O—, —CH₂— and —NH—, —CH₂— and —S—, —O— and —CH₂—, —NH— and—CH₂—, —S— and —CH₂—, —O— and —NH—, —NH— and —O—, —S— and —NH—, or —NH—and —S— respectively;

each R₃ is independently:

-   -   (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂,    -   (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,        —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,        —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to        7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to        10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted        or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or    -   (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to 10-membered)        heteroaryl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with        one or more R₆ groups;

R₄ is —H or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

each R₅ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR_(S), —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₆ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH,-halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇;

each R₇ is independently —H, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3-to 5-membered)heterocycle, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or CH₂(halo);

each R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, —S(O)₂R₇, —R₇OR₇, —R₇COR₇, —R₇C(O)OR₇, —R₇OC(O)R₇, —R₇OC(O)OR₇,—R₇SR₇, —R₇S(O)R₇, —R₇S(O)₂R₇, —C(halo)₂C(halo)₃, —C(halo)₂CH(halo)₂,—CH(C(halo)₃)₂, —CH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —OC(halo)₂C(halo)₃,—OC(halo)₂CH(halo)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —C(OH)(CF₃)₂,—(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, or -(3- to 7-membered)heterocycle;

each R₉ is independently —H, -halo or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

each R₁₁ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇,—COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, or —OC(O)OR₇;

each halo is independently —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I;

m is 0 or 1 and when m is 1, R₃ is attached to the 2-, 3-, 5-, or6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl ring;

q is an integer ranging from 0 to 6;

r is an integer ranging from 0 to 5; and

s is an integer ranging from 0 to 4.

4.3.2 Methods for Making the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds Where V isCH

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to methods formaking the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds where V is CH by the followingnon-limiting illustrative method shown below in Scheme D.

where R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, Ar¹, Ar², m, n and p are defined above.

A Compound of Formula 1 a-h is reacted with butyl lithium in diethylether/THF and then with a Compound of Formula 7 according to theprocedure described in J. Med. Chem. 32(2):351-7 (1989) to provide aCompound of Formula 8 a-h. In one embodiment, the present inventionrelates to a method for making a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compoundcomprising allowing a Compound of Formula 1 a-h to react with butyllithium and then with a Compound of Formula 7. A Compound of Formula 8a-h is useful, e.g., as an intermediate for the synthesis of aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

The Compound of Formula 8 a-h is then reacted with a Lewis acid, e.g.,SOCl₂/pyridine, hydrogenated using a Pd catalyst in ethyl acetate, andreacted with trifluoroacetic acid in water according to the proceduredescribed in J. Med. Chem. 32(2):351-7 (1989) to provide a Compound ofFormula 9 a-h. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to amethod for making a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound comprising allowing aCompound of Formula 8 a-h to react with a Lewis acid, then hydrogenatingthe product, and allowing the hydrogenated product to react withtrifluoroacetic acid. A Compound of Formula 9 a-h is useful, e.g., as anintermediate for the synthesis of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

The Compound of Formula 9 a-h is then reacted with (CF₃SO₂)₂O in thepresence of methyl-di-(tert-butyl)-pyridine in DCM according to theprocedure described in J. Org. Chem. 54(12):2886-9 (1989) or OrganicSyntheses 68:116-29 (1980) to provide a Compound of Formula 10 a-h. Inone embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for making aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound comprising allowing a Compound of Formula9 a-h to react with (CF₃SO₂)₂O. In another embodiment, this reaction isin the presence of methyl-di-(tert-butyl)-pyridine. A Compound ofFormula 10 a-h is useful, e.g., as an intermediate for the synthesis ofa Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

The Compound of Formula 10 a-h is then reacted with an amine of formulaAr²⁻NHR₄ in the presence of palladium pentadione, triphenylphosphine,and lithium chloride in THF under an atmosphere of carbon monoxideaccording to the procedure described in Tetrahedron Letters 33(9):1181-4(1992) to provide the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound where V is CH. Inone embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for making aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound comprising allowing a Compound of Formula10 a-h to react with an amine of formula Ar²⁻NHR₄. In anotherembodiment, this reaction is in the presence of palladium pentadione,triphenylphosphine, and lithium chloride. In another embodiment, thisreaction is under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide.

Compounds of formula 7 are commercially available or can be prepared bymethods known to those skilled in the art.

Where m=1, a mixture of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds is generallyobtained. The mixture can be separated by conventional methods, forexample, column chromatography.

The Compound of Formula (I) where X is S (i.e., the Compound of Formula(III′)) can be made by, e.g., reacting a Compound of Formula (III)(i.e., where X is O) with Lawesson's reagent as described in connectionwith Scheme A. This reaction is illustrated below:

Certain Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can have asymmetric centers andtherefore exist in different enantiomeric and diastereomeric forms. ACyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound can be in the form of an optical isomer ora diastereomer. Accordingly, the invention encompassesCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds and their uses as described herein in theform of their optical isomers, diasteriomers and mixtures thereof,including a racemic mixture. Optical isomers of the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompounds can be obtained by known techniques such as chiralchromatography or formation of diastereomeric salts from an opticallyactive acid or base.

In addition, one or more hydrogen, carbon or other atoms of aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound can be replaced by an isotope of thehydrogen, carbon or other atoms. Such compounds, which are encompassedby the present invention, are useful as research and diagnostic tools inmetabolism pharmacokinetic studies and in binding assays.

4.4 Therapeutic Uses of the cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds

In accordance with the invention, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds areadministered to an animal in need of treatment or prevention of aCondition.

In one embodiment, an effective amount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound can be used to treat or prevent any condition treatable orpreventable by inhibiting VR1. Examples of conditions that are treatableor preventable by inhibiting VR1 include, but are not limited to, pain,UI, an ulcer, IBD, and IBS.

In another embodiment, an effective amount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound can be used to treat or prevent any condition treatable orpreventable by inhibiting mGluR5. Examples of conditions that aretreatable or preventable by inhibiting mGluR5 include, but are notlimited to, pain, an addictive disorder, Parkinson's disease,parkinsonism, anxiety, a pruritic condition, and psychosis.

In another embodiment, an effective amount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound can be used to treat or prevent any condition treatable orpreventable by inhibiting mGluR1. Examples of conditions that aretreatable or preventable by inhibiting mGluR1 include, but are notlimited to, pain, UI, an addictive disorder, Parkinson's disease,parkinsonism, anxiety, epilepsy, stroke, a seizure, a pruriticcondition, psychosis, a cognitive disorder, a memory deficit, restrictedbrain function, Huntington's chorea, ALS, dementia, retinopathy, amuscle spasm, a migraine, vomiting, dyskinesia, and depression.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or prevent acuteor chronic pain. Examples of pain treatable or preventable using theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds include, but are not limited to, cancerpain, labor pain, myocardial infarction pain, pancreatic pain, colicpain, post-operative pain, headache pain, muscle pain, arthritic pain,and pain associated with a periodontal disease, including gingivitis andperiodontitis.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can also be used for treating orpreventing pain associated with inflammation or with an inflammatorydisease in an animal. Such pain can arise where there is an inflammationof the body tissue which can be a local inflammatory response and/or asystemic inflammation. For example, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compoundscan be used to treat or prevent pain associated with inflammatorydiseases including, but not limited to: organ transplant rejection;reoxygenation injury resulting from organ transplantation (see Grupp etal., J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 31:297-303 (1999)) including, but not limitedto, transplantation of the heart, lung, liver, or kidney; chronicinflammatory diseases of the joints, including arthritis, rheumatoidarthritis, osteoarthritis and bone diseases associated with increasedbone resorption; inflammatory lung diseases, such as asthma, adultrespiratory distress syndrome, and chronic obstructive airway disease;inflammatory diseases of the eye, including corneal dystrophy, trachoma.onchocerciasis, uveitis, sympathetic ophthalmitis and endophthalmitis;chronic inflammatory diseases of the gum, including gingivitis andperiodontitis; tuberculosis; leprosy; inflammatory diseases of thekidney, including uremic complications, glomerulonephritis andnephrosis; inflammatory diseases of the skin, includingsclerodermatitis, psoriasis and eczema; inflammatory diseases of thecentral nervous system, including chronic demyelinating diseases of thenervous system, multiple sclerosis, AIDS-related neurodegeneration andAlzheimer s disease, infectious meningitis, encephalomyelitis,Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosisand viral or autoimmune encephalitis; autoimmune diseases, includingType I and Type II diabetes mellitus; diabetic complications, including,but not limited to, diabetic cataract, glaucoma, retinopathy,nephropathy (such as microaluminuria and progressive diabeticnephropathy), polyneuropathy, mononeuropathies, autonomic neuropathy,gangrene of the feet, atherosclerotic coronary arterial disease,peripheral arterial disease, nonketotic hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma,foot ulcers, joint problems, and a skin or mucous membrane complication(such as an infection, a shin spot, a candidal infection or necrobiosislipoidica diabeticorum); immune-complex vasculitis, and systemic lupuserythematosus (SLE); inflammatory diseases of the heart, such ascardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease hypercholesterolemia, andatherosclerosis; as well as various other diseases that can havesignificant inflammatory components, including preeclampsia, chronicliver failure, brain and spinal cord trauma, and cancer. TheCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can also be used for treating orpreventing pain associated with inflammatory disease that can, forexample, be a systemic inflammation of the body, exemplified bygram-positive or gram negative shock, hemorrhagic or anaphylactic shock,or shock induced by cancer chemotherapy in response to pro-inflammatorycytokines, e.g., shock associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Suchshock can be induced, e.g., by a chemotherapeutic agent that isadministered as a treatment for cancer.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or prevent UI.Examples of UI treatable or preventable using the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompounds include, but are not limited to, urge incontinence, stressincontinence, overflow incontinence, neurogenic incontinence, and totalincontinence.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or prevent anulcer. Examples of ulcers treatable or preventable using theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds include, but are not limited to, aduodenal ulcer, a gastric ulcer, a marginal ulcer, an esophageal ulcer,or a stress ulcer.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or prevent IBD,including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or prevent IBS.Examples of IBS treatable or preventable using the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompounds include, but are not limited to, spastic-colon-type IBS andconstipation-predominant IBS.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or prevent anaddictive disorder, including but not limited to, an eating disorder, animpulse-control disorder, an alcohol-related disorder, anicotine-related disorder, an amphetamine-related disorder, acannabis-related disorder, a cocaine-related disorder, anhallucinogen-related disorder, an inhalant-related disorders, and anopioid-related disorder, all of which are further sub-classified aslisted below.

Eating disorders include, but are not limited to, Bulimia Nervosa,Nonpurging Type; Bulimia Nervosa, Purging Type; Anorexia; and EatingDisorder not otherwise specified (NOS).

Impulse control disorders include, but are not limited to, IntermittentExplosive Disorder, Kleptomania, Pyromania, Pathological Gambling,Trichotillomania, and Impulse Control Disorder not otherwise specified(NOS).

Alcohol-related disorders include, but are not limited to,Alcohol-Induced Psychotic Disorder with delusions, Alcohol Abuse,Alcohol Intoxication, Alcohol Withdrawal, Alcohol Intoxication Delirium,Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium, Alcohol-Induced Persisting Dementia,Alcohol-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder, Alcohol Dependence,Alcohol-Induced Psychotic Disorder with hallucinations, Alcohol-InducedMood Disorder, Alcohol-Induced Anxiety Disorder, Alcohol-Induced SexualDysfunction, Alcohol-Induced Sleep Disorder, and Alcohol-RelatedDisorder not otherwise specified (NOS).

Nicotine-related disorders include, but are not limited to, NicotineDependence, Nicotine Withdrawal, and Nicotine-Related Disorder nototherwise specified (NOS).

Amphetamine-related disorders include, but are not limited to,Amphetamine Dependence, Amphetamine Abuse, Amphetamine Intoxication,Amphetamine Withdrawal, Amphetamine Intoxication Delirium,Amphetamine-Induced Psychotic Disorder with delusions,Amphetamine-Induced Psychotic Disorders with hallucinations,Amphetamine-Induced Mood Disorder, Amphetamine-Induced Anxiety Disorder,Amphetamine-Induced Sexual Dysfunction, Amphetamine-Induced SleepDisorder, Amphetamine Related Disorder not otherwise specified (NOS),Amphetamine Intoxication, and Amphetamine Withdrawal.

Cannabis-related disorders include, but are not limited to, CannabisDependence, Cannabis Abuse, Cannabis Intoxication, Cannabis IntoxicationDelirium, Cannabis-Induced Psychotic Disorder with delusions,Cannabis-Induced Psychotic Disorder with hallucinations,Cannabis-Induced Anxiety Disorder, Cannabis Related Disorder nototherwise specified (NOS), and Cannabis Intoxication.

Cocaine-related disorders include, but are not limited to, CocaineDependence, Cocaine Abuse, Cocaine Intoxication, Cocaine Withdrawal,Cocaine Intoxication Delirium, Cocaine-Induced Psychotic Disorder withdelusions, Cocaine-Induced Psychotic Disorders with hallucinations,Cocaine-Induced Mood Disorder, Cocaine-Induced Anxiety Disorder,Cocaine-Induced Sexual Dysfunction, Cocaine-Induced Sleep Disorder,Cocaine Related Disorder not otherwise specified (NOS), CocaineIntoxication, and Cocaine Withdrawal.

Hallucinogen-related disorders include, but are not limited to,Hallucinogen Dependence, Hallucinogen Abuse, Hallucinogen Intoxication,Hallucinogen Withdrawal, Hallucinogen Intoxication Delirium,Hallucinogen-Induced Psychotic Disorder with delusions,Hallucinogen-Induced Psychotic Disorders with hallucinations,Hallucinogen-Induced Mood Disorder, Hallucinogen-Induced AnxietyDisorder, Hallucinogen-Induced Sexual Dysfunction, Hallucinogen-InducedSleep Disorder, Hallucinogen Related Disorder not otherwise specified(NOS), Hallucinogen Intoxication, and Hallucinogen Persisting PerceptionDisorder (Flashbacks).

Inhalant-related disorders include, but are not limited to, InhalantDependence, Inhalant Abuse, Inhalant Intoxication, Inhalant IntoxicationDelirium, Inhalant-Induced Psychotic Disorder with delusions,Inhalant-Induced Psychotic Disorder with hallucinations,Inhalant-Induced Anxiety Disorder, Inhalant Related Disorder nototherwise specified (NOS), and Inhalant Intoxication.

Opioid-related disorders include, but are not limited to, OpioidDependence, Opioid Abuse, Opioid Intoxication, Opioid IntoxicationDelirium, Opioid-Induced Psychotic Disorder with delusions,Opioid-Induced Psychotic Disorder with hallucinations, Opioid-InducedAnxiety Disorder, Opioid Related Disorder not otherwise specified (NOS),Opioid Intoxication, and Opioid Withdrawal.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or preventParkinson's disease and parkinsonism and the symptoms associated withParkinson's disease and parkinsonism, including but not limited to,bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, resting tremor, and impairment ofpostural balance.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or preventgeneralized anxiety or severe anxiety and the symptoms associated withanxiety, including but not limited to, restlessness; tension;tachycardia; dyspnea; depression, including chronic “neurotic”depression; panic disorder; agoraphobia and other specific phobias;eating disorders; and personality disorders.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or preventepilepsy, including but not limited to, partial epilepsy, generalizedepilepsy, and the symptoms associated with epilepsy, including but notlimited to, simple partial seizures, jacksonian seizures, complexpartial (psychomotor) seizures, convulsive seizures (grand mal ortonic-clonic seizures), petit mal (absence) seizures, and statusepilepticus.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or preventstrokes, including but not limited to, ischemic strokes and hemorrhagicstrokes.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or prevent aseizure, including but not limited to, infantile spasms, febrileseizures, and epileptic seizures.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or prevent apruritic condition, including but not limited to, pruritus caused by dryskin, scabies, dermatitis, herpetiformis, atopic dermatitis, pruritusvulvae et ani, miliaria, insect bites, pediculosis, contact dermatitis,drug reactions, urticaria, urticarial eruptions of pregnancy, psoriasis,lichen planus, lichen simplex chronicus, exfoliative dermatitis,folliculitis, bullous pemphigoid, or fiberglass dermatitis.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or preventpsychosis, including but not limited to, schizophrenia, includingparanoid schizophrenia, hebephrenic or disorganized schizophrenia,catatonic schizophrenia, undifferentiated schizophrenia, negative ordeficit subtype schizophrenia, and non-deficit schizophrenia; adelusional disorder, including erotomanic subtype delusional disorder,grandiose subtype delusional disorder, jealous subtype delusionaldisorder, persecutory subtype delusional disorder, and somatic subtypedelusional disorder; and brief psychosis.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or prevent acognitive disorder, including but not limited to, delirium and dementiasuch as multi-infarct dementia, dementia pugilistica, dementia caused byAIDS, and dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or prevent amemory deficiency, including but not limited to, dissociative amnesiaand dissociative fugue.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or preventrestricted brain function, including but not limited to, that caused bysurgery or an organ transplant, restricted blood supply to the brain, aspinal cord injury, a head injury, hypoxia, cardiac arrest, orhypoglycemia.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or preventHuntington's chorea.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or prevent ALS.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or preventretinopathy, including but not limited to, arteriosclerotic retinopathy,diabetic arteriosclerotic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy,non-proliferative retinopathy, and proliferative retinopathy.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or prevent amuscle spasm.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or prevent amigraine.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or preventvomiting, including but not limited to, nausea vomiting, dry vomiting(retching), and regurgitation.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or preventdyskinesia, including but not limited to, tardive dyskinesia and biliarydyskinesia.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be used to treat or preventdepression, including but not limited to, major depression and bipolardisorder.

Applicants believe that the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds areantagonists for VR1.

The invention relates to methods for inhibiting VR1 function in a cellcomprising contacting a cell capable of expressing VR1 with an effectiveamount of a

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound. This method can be used in vitro, forexample, as an assay to select cells that express VR1 and, accordingly,are useful as part of an assay to select compounds useful for treatingor preventing pain, UI, an ulcer, IBD, or IBS. The method is also usefulfor inhibiting VR1 function in a cell in vivo, in an animal, a human inone embodiment, by contacting a cell, in an animal, with an effectiveamount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound. In one embodiment, the methodis useful for treating or preventing pain in an animal. In anotherembodiment, the method is useful for treating or preventing UI in ananimal. In another embodiment, the method is useful for treating orpreventing an ulcer in an animal. In another embodiment, the method isuseful for treating or preventing IBD in an animal. In anotherembodiment, the method is useful for treating or preventing IBS in ananimal.

Examples of tissue comprising cells capable of expressing VR1 include,but are not limited to, neuronal, brain, kidney, urothelium, and bladdertissue. Methods for assaying cells that express VR1 are known in theart.

Applicants believe that the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds areantagonists for mGluR5.

The invention relates to methods for inhibiting mGluR5 function in acell comprising contacting a cell capable of expressing mGluR5 with anamount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound effective to inhibit mGluR5function in the cell. This method can be used in vitro, for example, asan assay to select cells that express mGluR5 and, accordingly, areuseful as part of an assay to select compounds useful for treating orpreventing pain, an addictive disorder, Parkinson's disease,parkinsonism, anxiety, a pruritic condition, or psychosis. The method isalso useful for inhibiting mGluR5 function in a cell in vivo, in ananimal, a human in one embodiment, by contacting a cell, in an animal,with an amount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound effective to inhibitmGluR5 function in the cell. In one embodiment, the method is useful fortreating or preventing pain in an animal in need thereof. In anotherembodiment, the method is useful for treating or preventing an addictivedisorder in an animal in need thereof. In another embodiment, the methodis useful for treating or preventing Parkinson's disease in an animal inneed thereof. In another embodiment, the method is useful for treatingor preventing parkinsonism in an animal in need thereof. In anotherembodiment, the method is useful for treating or preventing anxiety inan animal in need thereof. In another embodiment, the method is usefulfor treating or preventing a pruritic condition in an animal in needthereof. In another embodiment, the method is useful for treating orpreventing psychosis in an animal in need thereof.

Examples of cells capable of expressing mGluR5 are neuronal and glialcells of the central nervous system, particularly the brain, especiallyin the nucleus accumbens. Methods for assaying cells that express mGluR5are known in the art.

Applicants believe that the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds areantagonists for mGluR1.

The invention relates to methods for inhibiting mGluR1 function in acell comprising contacting a cell capable of expressing mGluR1 with anamount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound effective to inhibit mGluR1function in the cell. This method can be used in vitro, for example, asan assay to select cells that express mGluR1 and, accordingly, areuseful as part of an assay to select compounds useful for treating orpreventing pain, UI, an addictive disorder, Parkinson's disease,parkinsonism, anxiety, epilepsy, stroke, a seizure, a pruriticcondition, psychosis, a cognitive disorder, a memory deficit, restrictedbrain function, Huntington's chorea, ALS, dementia, retinopathy, amuscle spasm, a migraine, vomiting, dyskinesia, or depression. Themethod is also useful for inhibiting mGluR1 function in a cell in vivo,in an animal, a human in one embodiment, by contacting a cell, in ananimal, with an amount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound effective toinhibit mGluR1 function in the cell. In one embodiment, the method isuseful for treating or preventing pain in an animal in need thereof. Inanother embodiment, the method is useful for treating or preventing UIin an animal in need thereof. In another embodiment, the method isuseful for treating or preventing an addictive disorder in an animal inneed thereof. In another embodiment, the method is useful for treatingor preventing Parkinson's disease in an animal in need thereof. Inanother embodiment, the method is useful for treating or preventingparkinsonism in an animal in need thereof. In another embodiment, themethod is useful for treating or preventing anxiety in an animal in needthereof. In another embodiment, the method is useful for treating orpreventing epilepsy in an animal in need thereof. In another embodiment,the method is useful for treating or preventing stroke in an animal inneed thereof. In another embodiment, the method is useful for treatingor preventing a seizure in an animal in need thereof. In anotherembodiment, the method is useful for treating or preventing a pruriticcondition in an animal in need thereof. In another embodiment, themethod is useful for treating or preventing psychosis in an animal inneed thereof. In another embodiment, the method is useful for treatingor preventing a cognitive disorder in an animal in need thereof. Inanother embodiment, the method is useful for treating or preventing amemory deficit in an animal in need thereof. In another embodiment, themethod is useful for treating or preventing restricted brain function inan animal in need thereof. In another embodiment, the method is usefulfor treating or preventing Huntington's chorea in an animal in needthereof. In another embodiment, the method is useful for treating orpreventing ALS in an animal in need thereof. In another embodiment, themethod is useful for treating or preventing dementia in an animal inneed thereof. In another embodiment, the method is useful for treatingor preventing retinopathy in an animal in need thereof. In anotherembodiment, the method is useful for treating or preventing a musclespasm in an animal in need thereof. In another embodiment, the method isuseful for treating or preventing a migraine in an animal in needthereof. In another embodiment, the method is useful for treating orpreventing vomiting in an animal in need thereof. In another embodiment,the method is useful for treating or preventing dyskinesia in an animalin need thereof. In another embodiment, the method is useful fortreating or preventing depression in an animal in need thereof.

Examples of cells capable of expressing mGluR1 include, but are notlimited to, cerebellar Purkinje neuron cells, Purkinje cell bodies(punctate), cells of spine(s) of the cerebellum; neurons and neurophilcells of olfactory-bulb glomeruli; cells of the superficial layer of thecerebral cortex; hippocampus cells; thalamus cells; superior colliculuscells; and spinal trigeminal nucleus cells. Methods for assaying cellsthat express mGluR1 are known in the art.

4.5 Therapeutic/Prophylactic Administration and Compositions of theInvention

Due to their activity, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds areadvantageously useful in veterinary and human medicine. As describedabove, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds are useful for treating orpreventing a condition in an animal in need thereof.

When administered to an animal, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds areadministered as a component of a composition that comprises apharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. The presentcompositions, which comprise a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound, can beadministered orally. The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds of the inventioncan also be administered by any other convenient route, for example, byinfusion or bolus injection, by absorption through epithelial ormucocutaneous linings (e.g., oral, rectal, and intestinal mucosa, etc.)and can be administered together with another therapeutically activeagent. Administration can be systemic or local. Various delivery systemsare known, e.g., encapsulation in liposomes, microparticles,microcapsules, capsules, etc., and can be used to administer theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

Methods of administration include, but are not limited to, intradermal,intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous, intranasal,epidural, oral, sublingual, intracerebral, intravaginal, transdermal,rectal, by inhalation, or topical, particularly to the ears, nose, eyes,or skin. The mode of administration is left to the discretion of thepractitioner. In most instances, administration will result in therelease of the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds into the bloodstream.

In specific embodiments, it can be desirable to administer theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds locally. This can be achieved, forexample, and not by way of limitation, by local infusion during surgery,topical application, e.g., in conjunction with a wound dressing aftersurgery, by injection, by means of a catheter, by means of a suppositoryor enema, or by means of an implant, said implant being of a porous,non-porous, or gelatinous material, including membranes, such assialastic membranes, or fibers.

In certain embodiments, it can be desirable to introduce theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds into the central nervous system orgastrointestinal tract by any suitable route, includingintraventricular, intrathecal, and epidural injection, and enema.Intraventricular injection can be facilitated by an intraventricularcatheter, for example, attached to a reservoir, such as an Ommayareservoir.

Pulmonary administration can also be employed, e.g., by use of aninhaler or nebulizer, and formulation with an aerosolizing agent, or viaperfusion in a fluorocarbon or synthetic pulmonary surfactant. Incertain embodiments, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can beformulated as a suppository, with traditional binders and excipientssuch as triglycerides.

In another embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can bedelivered in a vesicle, in particular a liposome (see Langer, Sci.249:1527-1533 (1990) and Treat et al., Liposomes in the Therapy ofInfectious Disease and Cancer 317-327 and 353-365 (1989)).

In yet another embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can bedelivered in a controlled-release system or sustained-release system(see, e.g., Goodson, in Medical Applications of Controlled Release,supra, vol. 2, pp. 115-138 (1984)). Other controlled- orsustained-release systems discussed in the review by Langer, Sci.249:1527-1533 (1990) can be used. In one embodiment, a pump can be used(Langer, Sci. 249:1527-1533 (1990); Sefton, CRC Crit. Ref Biomed. Eng.14:201 (1987); Buchwald et al., Surgery 88:507 (1980); and Saudek etal., N. Engl. J. Med. 321:574 (1989)). In another embodiment, polymericmaterials can be used (see Medical Applications of Controlled Release(Langer and Wise eds., 1974); Controlled Drug Bioavailability, DrugProduct Design and Performance (Smolen and Ball eds., 1984); Ranger andPeppas, J. Macromol. Sci. Rev. Macromol. Chem. 23:61 (1983); Levy etal., Sci. 228:190 (1985); During et al., Ann. Neurol. 25:351 (1989); andHoward et al., J. Neurosurg. 71:105 (1989)). In yet another embodiment,a controlled- or sustained-release system can be placed in proximity ofa target of the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds, e.g., the spinal column,brain, or gastrointestinal tract, thus requiring only a fraction of thesystemic dose.

The present compositions can optionally comprise a suitable amount of apharmaceutically acceptable excipient so as to provide the form forproper administration to the animal.

Such pharmaceutical excipients can be liquids, such as water and oils,including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable, or synthetic origin,such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and the like.The pharmaceutical excipients can be saline, gum acacia, gelatin, starchpaste, talc, keratin, colloidal silica, urea and the like. In addition,auxiliary, stabilizing, thickening, lubricating, and coloring agents canbe used. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipientsare sterile when administered to an animal. Water is a particularlyuseful excipient when the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound is administeredintravenously. Saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerolsolutions can also be employed as liquid excipients, particularly forinjectable solutions. Suitable pharmaceutical excipients also includestarch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk,silica gel, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, talc, sodiumchloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene, glycol, water, ethanoland the like. The present compositions, if desired, can also containminor amounts of wetting or emulsifying agents, or pH buffering agents.

The present compositions can take the form of solutions, suspensions,emulsions, tablets, pills, pellets, capsules, capsules containingliquids, powders, sustained-release formulations, suppositories,aerosols, sprays, suspensions, or any other form suitable for use. Inone embodiment, the composition is in the form of a capsule (see e.g.,U.S. Pat. No. 5,698,155). Other examples of suitable pharmaceuticalexcipients are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sci. 1447-1676(Alfonso R. Gennaro ed., 19th ed. 1995), incorporated herein byreference.

In one embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds are formulated inaccordance with routine procedures as a composition adapted for oraladministration to human beings. Compositions for oral delivery can be inthe form of tablets, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, granules,powders, emulsions, capsules, syrups, or elixirs, for example. Orallyadministered compositions can contain one or more agents, for example,sweetening agents such as fructose, aspartame or saccharin; flavoringagents such as peppermint, oil of wintergreen, or cherry; coloringagents; and preserving agents, to provide a pharmaceutically palatablepreparation. Moreover, where in tablet or pill form, the compositionscan be coated to delay disintegration and absorption in thegastrointestinal tract thereby providing a sustained action over anextended period of time. Selectively permeable membranes surrounding anosmotically active driving compound are also suitable for orallyadministered compositions. In these latter platforms, fluid from theenvironment surrounding the capsule is imbibed by the driving compound,which swells to displace the agent or agent composition through anaperture. These delivery platforms can provide an essentially zero orderdelivery profile as opposed to the spiked profiles of immediate releaseformulations. A time-delay material such as glycerol monostearate orglycerol stearate can also be used. Oral compositions can includestandard excipients such as mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesiumstearate, sodium saccharin, cellulose, and magnesium carbonate. In oneembodiment, the excipients are of pharmaceutical grade.

In another embodiment, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can beformulated for intravenous administration. Typically, compositions forintravenous administration comprise sterile isotonic aqueous buffer.Where necessary, the compositions can also include a solubilizing agent.Compositions for intravenous administration can optionally include alocal anesthetic such as lidocaine to lessen pain at the site of theinjection. Generally, the ingredients are supplied either separately ormixed together in unit dosage form, for example, as a dry lyophilizedpowder or water free concentrate in a hermetically sealed container suchas an ampule or sachette indicating the quantity of active agent. Wherethe Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds are to be administered by infusion,they can be dispensed, for example, with an infusion bottle containingsterile pharmaceutical grade water or saline. Where theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds are administered by injection, an ampuleof sterile water for injection or saline can be provided so that theingredients can be mixed prior to administration.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be administered bycontrolled-release or sustained-release means or by delivery devicesthat are known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Examples include,but are not limited to, those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,845,770;3,916,899; 3,536,809; 3,598,123; 4,008,719; 5,674,533; 5,059,595;5,591,767; 5,120,548; 5,073,543; 5,639,476; 5,354,556; and 5,733,566,each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Such dosage forms canbe used to provide controlled- or sustained-release of one or moreactive ingredients using, for example, hydropropylmethyl cellulose,other polymer matrices, gels, permeable membranes, osmotic systems,multilayer coatings, microparticles, liposomes, microspheres, or acombination thereof to provide the desired release profile in varyingproportions. Suitable controlled- or sustained-release formulationsknown to those of ordinary skill in the art, including those describedherein, can be readily selected for use with the active ingredients ofthe invention. The invention thus encompasses single unit dosage formssuitable for oral administration such as, but not limited to, tablets,capsules, gelcaps, and caplets that are adapted for controlled- orsustained-release.

Controlled- or sustained-release pharmaceutical compositions can have acommon goal of improving drug therapy over that achieved by theirnon-controlled or non-sustained counterparts. In one embodiment, acontrolled- or sustained-release composition comprises a minimal amountof a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound to cure or control the condition in aminimum amount of time. Advantages of controlled- or sustained-releasecompositions include extended activity of the drug, reduced dosagefrequency, and increased patient compliance. In addition, controlled- orsustained-release compositions can favorably affect the time of onset ofaction or other characteristics, such as blood levels of theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound, and can thus reduce the occurrence ofadverse side effects.

Controlled- or sustained-release compositions can initially release anamount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound that promptly produces thedesired therapeutic or prophylactic effect, and gradually andcontinually release other amounts of the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compoundto maintain this level of therapeutic or prophylactic effect over anextended period of time. To maintain a constant level of theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound in the body, the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound can be released from the dosage form at a rate that willreplace the amount of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound being metabolizedand excreted from the body. Controlled- or sustained-release of anactive ingredient can be stimulated by various conditions, including butnot limited to, changes in pH, changes in temperature, concentration oravailability of enzymes, concentration or availability of water, orother physiological conditions or compounds.

In another embodiment, a composition is prepared by admixing aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. Admixingcan be accomplished using methods known for admixing a compound (or asalt) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. In anotherembodiment; the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof is present in an effective amount.

The amount of the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound that is effective in thetreatment or prevention of a condition can be determined by standardclinical techniques. In addition, in vitro or in vivo assays canoptionally be employed to help identify optimal dosage ranges. Theprecise dose to be employed will also depend on the route ofadministration, and the seriousness of the Condition and can be decidedaccording to the judgment of a practitioner and and/or each animal'scircumstances. Suitable effective dosage amounts, however, range fromabout 0.01 mg/kg of body weight to about 2500 mg/kg of body weight,although they are typically about 100 mg/kg of body weight or less. Inone embodiment, the effective dosage amount ranges from about 0.01 mg/kgof body weight to about 100 mg/kg of body weight of aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound, in another embodiment, about 0.02 mg/kgof body weight to about 50 mg/kg of body weight, and in anotherembodiment, about 0.025 mg/kg of body weight to about 20 mg/kg of bodyweight. In one embodiment, an effective dosage amount is administeredabout every 24 h until the Condition is abated. In another embodiment,an effective dosage amount is administered about every 12 h until theCondition is abated. In another embodiment, an effective dosage amountis administered about every 8 h until the Condition is abated. Inanother embodiment, an effective dosage amount is administered aboutevery 6 h until the Condition is abated. In another embodiment, aneffective dosage amount is administered about every 4 h until theCondition is abated. The effective dosage amounts described herein referto total amounts administered; that is, if more than oneCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound is administered, the effective dosageamounts correspond to the total amount administered.

Where a cell capable of expressing VR1, mGluR5 or mGluR1 is contactedwith a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound in vitro, the amount effective forinhibiting the VR1, mGluR5 or mGluR1 receptor function in a cell willtypically range from about 0.01 μg/L to about 5 mg/L, in one embodiment,from about 0.01 μg/L to about 2.5 mg/L, in another embodiment, fromabout 0.01 μg/L to about 0.5 mg/L, and in another embodiment, from about0.01 μg/L to about 0.25 mg/L of a solution or suspension of apharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. In one embodiment, thevolume of solution or suspension comprising the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound is from about 0.01 μL to about 1 mL. In another embodiment, thevolume of solution or suspension is about 200 μL.

Where a cell capable of expressing VR1, mGluR5, or mGluR1 is contactedwith a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound in vivo, the amount effective forinhibiting the receptor function in a cell will typically range fromabout 0.01 mg/kg of body weight to about 100 mg/kg of body weight,although it typically ranges from about 100 mg/kg of body weight orless. In one embodiment, the effective dosage amount ranges from about0.01 mg/kg of body weight to about 100 mg/kg of body weight of aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound, in another embodiment, about 0.020 mg/kgof body weight to about 50 mg/kg of body weight, and in anotherembodiment, about 0.025 mg/kg of body weight to about 20 mg/kg of bodyweight. In one embodiment, an effective dosage amount is administeredabout every 24 h. In another embodiment, an effective dosage amount isadministered about every 12 h. In another embodiment, an effectivedosage amount is administered about every 8 h. In another embodiment, aneffective dosage amount is administered about every 6 h. In anotherembodiment, an effective dosage amount is administered about every 4 h.

The Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds can be assayed in vitro or in vivofor the desired therapeutic or prophylactic activity prior to use inhumans. Animal model systems can be used to demonstrate safety andefficacy.

The present methods for treating or preventing a Condition in an animalin need thereof can further comprise administering another therapeuticagent to the animal being administered a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.In one embodiment, the other therapeutic agent is administered in aneffective amount.

The present methods for inhibiting VR1 function in a cell capable ofexpressing VR1 can further comprise contacting the cell with aneffective amount of another therapeutic agent.

The present methods for inhibiting mGluR5 function in a cell capable ofexpressing mGluR5 can further comprise contacting the cell with aneffective amount of another therapeutic agent.

The present methods for inhibiting mGluR1 function in a cell capable ofexpressing mGluR1 can further comprise contacting the cell with aneffective amount of another therapeutic agent.

Effective amounts of the other therapeutic agents are known to thoseskilled in the art. However, it is well within the skilled artisan'spurview to determine the other therapeutic agent's optimaleffective-amount range. In one embodiment of the invention, whereanother therapeutic agent is administered to an animal, the effectiveamount of the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound is less than its effectiveamount would be where the other therapeutic agent is not administered.In this case, without being bound by theory, it is believed that theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds and the other therapeutic agent actsynergistically to treat or prevent a Condition.

The other therapeutic agent can be, but is not limited to, an opioidagonist, a non-opioid analgesic, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatoryagent, an antimigraine agent, a Cox-II inhibitor, an antiemetic, aβ-adrenergic blocker, an anticonvulsant, an antidepressant, aCa2+-channel blocker, an anticancer agent, an agent for treating orpreventing UI, an agent for treating or preventing an ulcer, an agentfor treating or preventing IBD, an agent for treating or preventing IBS,an agent for treating addictive disorder, an agent for treatingParkinson's disease and parkinsonism, an agent for treating anxiety, anagent for treating epilepsy, an agent for treating a stroke, an agentfor treating a seizure, an agent for treating a pruritic condition, anagent for treating psychosis, an agent for treating Huntington's chorea,an agent for treating ALS, an agent for treating a cognitive disorder,an agent for treating a migraine, an agent for treating vomiting, anagent for treating dyskinesia, or an agent for treating depression, andmixtures thereof.

Examples of useful opioid agonists include, but are not limited to,alfentanil, allylprodine, alphaprodine, anileridine, benzylmorphine,bezitramide, buprenorphine, butorphanol, clonitazene, codeine,desomorphine, dextromoramide, dezocine, diampromide, diamorphone,dihydrocodeine, dihydromorphine, dimenoxadol, dimepheptanol,dimethylthiambutene, dioxaphetyl butyrate, dipipanone, eptazocine,ethoheptazine, ethylmethylthiambutene, ethylmorphine, etonitazenefentanyl, heroin, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, hydroxypethidine,isomethadone, ketobemidone, levorphanol, levophenacylmorphan,lofentanil, meperidine, meptazinol, metazocine, methadone, metopon,morphine, myrophine, nalbuphine, narceine, nicomorphine, norlevorphanol,normethadone, nalorphine, normorphine, norpipanone, opium, oxycodone,oxymorphone, papaveretum, pentazocine, phenadoxone, phenomorphan,phenazocine, phenoperidine, piminodine, piritramide, proheptazine,promedol, properidine, propiram, propoxyphene, sufentanil, tilidine,tramadol, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and mixturesthereof.

In certain embodiments, the opioid agonist is selected from codeine,hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxycodone, dihydrocodeine, dihydromorphine,morphine, tramadol, oxymorphone, pharmaceutically acceptable saltsthereof, and mixtures thereof.

Examples of useful non-opioid analgesics include non-steroidalanti-inflammatory agents, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac,naproxen, benoxaprofen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, flubufen, ketoprofen,indoprofen, piroprofen, carprofen, oxaprozin, pramoprofen, muroprofen,trioxaprofen, suprofen, aminoprofen, tiaprofenic acid, fluprofen,bucloxic acid, indomethacin, sulindac, tolmetin, zomepirac, tiopinac,zidometacin, acemetacin, fentiazac, clidanac, oxpinac, mefenamic acid,meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid, niflumic acid, tolfenamic acid,diflurisal, flufenisal, piroxicam, sudoxicam, isoxicam, andpharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and mixtures thereof. Othersuitable non-opioid analgesics include the following, non-limiting,chemical classes of analgesic, antipyretic, nonsteroidalanti-inflammatory drugs: salicylic acid derivatives, including aspirin,sodium salicylate, choline magnesium trisalicylate, salsalate,diflunisal, salicylsalicylic acid, sulfasalazine, and olsalazin;para-aminophenol derivatives including acetaminophen and phenacetin;indole and indene acetic acids, including indomethacin, sulindac, andetodolac; heteroaryl acetic acids, including tolmetin, diclofenac, andketorolac; anthranilic acids (fenamates), including mefenamic acid andmeclofenamic acid; enolic acids, including oxicams (piroxicam,tenoxicam), and pyrazolidinediones (phenylbutazone, oxyphenthartazone);and alkanones, including nabumetone. For a more detailed description ofthe NSAIDs, see Paul A. Insel, Analgesic-Antipyretic andAnti-inflammatory Agents and Drugs Employed in the Treatment of Gout, inGoodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 617-57(Perry B. Molinhoff and Raymond W. Ruddon eds., 9^(th) ed 1996) and GlenR. Hanson, Analgesic, Antipyretic and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs inRemington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy Vol II 1196-1221 (A. R.Gennaro ed. 19th ed. 1995) which are hereby incorporated by reference intheir entireties.

Examples of useful Cox-II inhibitors and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, aswell as combinations thereof, are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,136,839,which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Examples ofuseful Cox-II inhibitors include, but are not limited to, rofecoxib andcelecoxib.

Examples of useful antimigraine agents include, but are not limited to,alpiropride, bromocriptine, dihydroergotamine, dolasetron, ergocornine,ergocorninine, ergocryptine, ergonovine, ergot, ergotamine, flumedroxoneacetate, fonazine, ketanserin, lisuride, lomerizine, methylergonovine,methysergide, metoprolol, naratriptan, oxetorone, pizotyline,propranolol, risperidone, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, timolol, trazodone,zolmitriptan, and mixtures thereof.

The other therapeutic agent can alternatively be an agent useful forreducing any potential side effects of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds.For example, the other therapeutic agent can be an antiemetic agent.Examples of useful antiemetic agents include, but are not limited to,metoclopromide, domperidone, prochlorperazine, promethazine,chlorpromazine, trimethobenzamide, odansteron, granisetron, hydroxyzine,acetylleucine monoethanolamine, alizapride, azasetron, benzquinamide,bietanautine, bromopride, buclizine, clebopride, cyclizine,dimenhydrinate, diphenidol, dolasetron, meclizine, methallatal,metopimazine, nabilone, oxyperndyl, pipamazine, scopolamine, sulpiride,tetrahydrocannabinol, thiethylperazine, thioproperazine, tropisetron,and mixtures thereof.

Examples of useful β-adrenergic blockers include, but are not limitedto, acebutolol, alprenolol, amosulabol, arotinolol, atenolol, befunolol,betaxolol, bevantolol, bisoprolol, bopindolol, bucumolol, bufetolol,bufuralol, bunitrolol, bupranolol, butidrine hydrochloride, butofilolol,carazolol, carteolol, carvedilol, celiprolol, cetamolol, cloranolol,dilevalol, epanolol, esmolol, indenolol, labetalol, levobunolol,mepindolol, metipranolol, metoprolol, moprolol, nadolol, nadoxolol,nebivalol, nifenalol, nipradilol, oxprenolol, penbutolol, pindolol,practolol, pronethalol, propranolol, sotalol, sulfinalol, talinolol,tertatolol, tilisolol, timolol, toliprolol, and xibenolol.

Examples of useful anticonvulsants include, but are not limited to,acetylpheneturide, albutoin, aloxidone, aminoglutethimide,4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid, atrolactamide, beclamide, buramate,calcium bromide, carbamazepine, cinromide, clomethiazole, clonazepam,decimemide, diethadione, dimethadione, doxenitroin, eterobarb,ethadione, ethosuximide, ethotoin, felbamate, fluoresone, gabapentin,5-hydroxytryptophan, lamotrigine, magnesium bromide, magnesium sulfate,mephenytoin, mephobarbital, metharbital, methetoin, methsuximide,5-methyl-5-(3-phenanthryl)-hydantoin, 3-methyl-5-phenylhydantoin,narcobarbital, nimetazepam, nitrazepam, oxcarbazepine, paramethadione,phenacemide, phenetharbital, pheneturide, phenobarbital, phensuximide,phenylmethylbarbituric acid, phenytoin, phethenylate sodium, potassiumbromide, pregabaline, primidone, progabide, sodium bromide, solanum,strontium bromide, suclofenide, sulthiame, tetrantoin, tiagabine,topiramate, trimethadione, valproic acid, valpromide, vigabatrin, andzonisamide.

Examples of useful antidepressants include, but are not limited to,binedaline, caroxazone, citalopram, (S)-citalopram, dimethazan,fencamine, indalpine, indeloxazine hydrocholoride, nefopam, nomifensine,oxitriptan, oxypertine, paroxetine, sertraline, thiazesim, trazodone,benmoxine, iproclozide, iproniazid, isocarboxazid, nialamide, octamoxin,phenelzine, cotinine, rolicyprine, rolipram, maprotiline, metralindole,mianserin, mirtazepine, adinazolam, amitriptyline, amitriptylinoxide,amoxapine, butriptyline, clomipramine, demexiptiline, desipramine,dibenzepin, dimetacrine, dothiepin, doxepin, fluacizine, imipramine,imipramine N-oxide, iprindole, lofepramine, melitracen, metapramine,nortriptyline, noxiptilin, opipramol, pizotyline, propizepine,protriptyline, quinupramine, tianeptine, trimipramine, adrafinil,benactyzine, bupropion, butacetin, dioxadrol, duloxetine, etoperidone,febarbamate, femoxetine, fenpentadiol, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine,hematoporphyrin, hypericin, levophacetoperane, medifoxamine,milnacipran, minaprine, moclobemide, nefazodone, oxaflozane, piberaline,prolintane, pyrisuccideanol, ritanserin, roxindole, rubidium chloride,sulpiride, tandospirone, thozalinone, tofenacin, toloxatone,tranylcypromine, L-tryptophan, venlafaxine, viloxazine, and zimelidine.

Examples of useful Ca2+-channel blockers include, but are not limitedto, bepridil, clentiazem, diltiazem, fendiline, gallopamil, mibefradil,prenylamine, semotiadil, terodiline, verapamil, amlodipine, aranidipine,barnidipine, benidipine, cilnidipine, efonidipine, elgodipine,felodipine, isradipine, lacidipine, lercanidipine, manidipine,nicardipine, nifedipine, nilvadipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine,nitrendipine, cinnarizine, flunarizine, lidoflazine, lomerizine,bencyclane, etafenone, fantofarone, and perhexiline.

Examples of useful anticancer agents include, but are not limited to,acivicin, aclarubicin, acodazole hydrochloride, acronine, adozelesin,aldesleukin, altretamine, ambomycin, ametantrone acetate,aminoglutethimide, amsacrine, anastrozole, anthramycin, asparaginase,asperlin, azacitidine, azetepa, azotomycin, batimastat, benzodepa,bicalutamide, bisantrene hydrochloride, bisnafide dimesylate, bizelesin,bleomycin sulfate, brequinar sodium, bropirimine, busulfan,cactinomycin, calusterone, caracemide, carbetimer, carboplatin,carmustine, carubicin hydrochloride, carzelesin, cedefmgol,chlorambucil, cirolemycin, cisplatin, cladribine, crisnatol mesylate,cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daunorubicinhydrochloride, decitabine, dexormaplatin, dezaguanine, dezaguaninemesylate, diaziquone, docetaxel, doxorubicin, doxorubicin hydrochloride,droloxifene, droloxifene citrate, dromostanolone propionate, duazomycin,edatrexate, eflornithine hydrochloride, elsamitrucin, enloplatin,enpromate, epipropidine, epirubicin hydrochloride, erbulozole,esorubicin hydrochloride, estramustine, estramustine phosphate sodium,etanidazole, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, etoprine, fadrozolehydrochloride, fazarabine, fenretinide, floxuridine, fludarabinephosphate, fluorouracil, flurocitabine, fosquidone, fostriecin sodium,gemcitabine, gemcitabine hydrochloride, hydroxyurea, idarubicinhydrochloride, ifosfamide, ilmofosine, interleukin II (includingrecombinant interleukin II or rIL2), interferon alpha-2a, interferonalpha-2b, interferon alpha-n1, interferon alpha-n3, interferon beta-Ia,interferon gamma-Ib, iproplatin, irinotecan hydrochloride, lanreotideacetate, letrozole, leuprolide acetate, liarozole hydrochloride,lometrexol sodium, lomustine, losoxantrone hydrochloride, masoprocol,maytansine, mechlorethamine hydrochloride, megestrol acetate,melengestrol acetate, melphalan, menogaril, mercaptopurine,methotrexate, methotrexate sodium, metoprine, meturedepa, mitindomide,mitocarcin, mitocromin, mitogillin, mitomalcin, mitomycin, mitosper,mitotane, mitoxantrone hydrochloride, mycophenolic acid, nocodazole,nogalamycin, ormaplatin, oxisuran, paclitaxel, pegaspargase, peliomycin,pentamustine, peplomycin sulfate, perfosfamide, pipobroman, piposulfan,piroxantrone hydrochloride, plicamycin, plomestane, porfimer sodium,porfiromycin, prednimustine, procarbazine hydrochloride, puromycin,puromycin hydrochloride, pyrazofurin, riboprine, rogletimide, safingol,safingol hydrochloride, semustine, simtrazene, sparfosate sodium,sparsomycin, spirogermanium hydrochloride, spiromustine, spiroplatin,streptonigrin, streptozotocin, sulofenur, talisomycin, tecogalan sodium,tegafur, teloxantrone hydrochloride, temoporfin, teniposide, teroxirone,testolactone, thiamiprine, thioguanine, thiotepa, tiazofurin,tirapazamine, toremifene citrate, trestolone acetate, triciribinephosphate, trimetrexate, trimetrexate glucuronate, triptorelin,tubulozole hydrochloride, uracil mustard, uredepa, vapreotide,verteporfin, vinblastine sulfate, vincristine sulfate, vindesine,vindesine sulfate, vinepidine sulfate, vinglycinate sulfate,vinleurosine sulfate, vinorelbine tartrate, vinrosidine sulfate,vinzolidine sulfate, vorozole, zeniplatin, zinostatin, zorubicinhydrochloride.

Examples of other anti-cancer drugs include, but are not limited to,20-epi-1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3; 5-ethynyluracil; abiraterone;aclarubicin; acylfulvene; adecypenol; adozelesin; aldesleukin; ALL-TKantagonists; altretamine; ambamustine; amidox; amifostine;aminolevulinic acid; amrubicin; amsacrine; anagrelide; anastrozole;andrographolide; angiogenesis inhibitors; antagonist D; antagonist G;antarelix; anti-dorsalizing morphogenetic protein-1; antiandrogen,antiestrogen; antineoplaston; antisense oligonucleotides; aphidicolinglycinate; apoptosis gene modulators; apoptosis regulators; apurinicacid; ara-CDP-DL-PTBA; arginine deaminase; asulacrine; atamestane;atrimustine; axinastatin 1; axinastatin 2; axinastatin 3; azasetron;azatoxin; azatyrosine; baccatin III derivatives; balanol; batimastat;BCR/ABL antagonists; benzochlorins; benzoylstaurosporine; beta lactamderivatives; beta-alethine; betaclamycin B; betulinic acid; bFGFinhibitor; bicalutamide; bisantrene; bisaziridinylspermine; bisnafide;bistratene A; bizelesin; breflate; bropirimine; budotitane; buthioninesulfoximine; calcipotriol; calphostin C; camptothecin derivatives;canarypox IL-2; capecitabine; carboxamide-amino-triazole;carboxyamidotriazole; CaRest M3; CARN 700; cartilage derived inhibitor;carzelesin; casein kinase inhibitors (ICOS); castanospermine; cecropinB; cetrorelix; chlorins; chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide; cicaprost;cis-porphyrin; cladribine; clomifene analogues; clotrimazole;collismycin A; collismycin B; combretastatin A4; combretastatinanalogue; conagenin; crambescidin 816; crisnatol; cryptophycin 8;cryptophycin A derivatives; curacin A; cyclopentanthraquinones;cycloplatam; cypemycin; cytarabine ocfosfate; cytolytic factor;cytostatin; dacliximab; decitabine; dehydrodidemnin B; deslorelin;dexamethasone; dexifosfamide; dexrazoxane; dexverapamil; diaziquone;didemnin B; didox; diethylnorspermine; dihydro-5-azacytidine;dihydrotaxol, 9-; dioxamycin; diphenyl spiromustine; docetaxel;docosanol; dolasetron; doxifluridine; droloxifene; dronabinol;duocarmycin SA; ebselen; ecomustine; edelfosine; edrecolomab;eflornithine; elemene; emitefur; epirubicin; epristeride; estramustineanalogue; estrogen agonists; estrogen antagonists; etanidazole;etoposide phosphate; exemestane; fadrozole; fazarabine; fenretinide;filgrastim; finasteride; flavopiridol; flezelastine; fluasterone;fludarabine; fluorodaunorunicin hydrochloride; forfenimex; formestane;fostriecin; fotemustine; gadolinium texaphyrin; gallium nitrate;galocitabine; ganirelix; gelatinase inhibitors; gemcitabine; glutathioneinhibitors; hepsulfam; heregulin; hexamethylene bisacetamide; hypericin;ibandronic acid; idarubicin; idoxifene; idramantone; ilmofosine;ilomastat; imidazoacridones; imiquimod; immunostimulant peptides;insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibitor; interferon agonists;interferons; interleukins; iobenguane; iododoxorubicin; ipomeanol, 4-;iroplact; irsogladine; isobengazole; isohomohalicondrin B; itasetron;jasplakinolide; kahalalide F; lamellarin-N triacetate; lanreotide;leinamycin; lenograstim; lentinan sulfate; leptolstatin; letrozole;leukemia inhibiting factor; leukocyte alpha interferon;leuprolide+estrogen+progesterone; leuprorelin; levamisole; liarozole;linear polyamine analogue; lipophilic disaccharide peptide; lipophilicplatinum compounds; lissoclinamide 7; lobaplatin; lombricine;lometrexol; lonidamine; losoxantrone; lovastatin; loxoribine;lurtotecan; lutetium texaphyrin; lysofylline; lytic peptides;maitansine; mannostatin A; marimastat; masoprocol; maspin; matrilysininhibitors; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors; menogaril; merbarone;meterelin; methioninase; metoclopramide; MIF inhibitor; mifepristone;miltefosine; mirimostim; mismatched double stranded RNA; mitoguazone;mitolactol; mitomycin analogues; mitonafide; mitotox in fibroblastgrowth factor-saporin; mitoxantrone; mofarotene; molgramostim;monoclonal antibody, human chorionic gonadotrophin; monophosphoryl lipidA+myobacterium cell wall sk; mopidamol; multiple drug resistance geneinhibitor; multiple tumor suppressor 1-based therapy; mustard anticanceragent; mycaperoxide B; mycobacterial cell wall extract; myriaporone;N-acetyldinaline; N-substituted benzamides; nafarelin; nagrestip;naloxone+pentazocine; napavin; naphterpin; nartograstim; nedaplatin;nemorubicin; neridronic acid; neutral endopeptidase; nilutamide;nisamycin; nitric oxide modulators; nitroxide antioxidant; nitrullyn;O6-benzylguanine; octreotide; okicenone; oligonucleotides; onapristone;odansteron; oracin; oral cytokine inducer; ormaplatin; osaterone;oxaliplatin; oxaunomycin; paclitaxel; paclitaxel analogues; paclitaxelderivatives; palauamine; palmitoylrhizoxin; pamidronic acid;panaxytriol; panomifene; parabactin; pazelliptine; pegaspargase;peldesine; pentosan polysulfate sodium; pentostatin; pentrozole;perflubron; perfosfamide; perillyl alcohol; phenazinomycin;phenylacetate; phosphatase inhibitors; picibanil; pilocarpinehydrochloride; pirarubicin; piritrexim; placetin A; placetin B;plasminogen activator inhibitor; platinum complex; platinum compounds;platinum-triamine complex; porfimer sodium; porfiromycin; prednisone;propyl bis-acridone; prostaglandin J2; proteasome inhibitors; proteinA-based immune modulator; protein kinase C inhibitor; protein kinase Cinhibitors, microalgal; protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors; purinenucleoside phosphorylase inhibitors; purpurins; pyrazoloacridine;pyridoxylated hemoglobin polyoxyethylene conjugate; raf antagonists;raltitrexed; ramosetron; ras farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors;ras inhibitors; ras-GAP inhibitor; retelliptine demethylated; rhenium Re186 etidronate; rhizoxin; ribozymes; RII retinamide; rogletimide;rohitukine; romurtide; roquinimex; rubiginone B1; ruboxyl; safingol;saintopin; SarCNU; sarcophytol A; sargramostim; Sdi 1 mimetics;semustine; senescence derived inhibitor 1; signal transductioninhibitors; signal transduction modulators; single chain antigen bindingprotein; sizofiran; sobuzoxane; sodium borocaptate; sodiumphenylacetate; solverol; somatomedin binding protein; sonermin;sparfosic acid; spicamycin D; spiromustine; splenopentin; spongistatin1; squalamine; stem cell inhibitor; stem-cell division inhibitors;stipiamide; stromelysin inhibitors; sulfinosine; superactive vasoactiveintestinal peptide antagonist; suradista; suramin; swainsonine;synthetic glycosaminoglycans; tallimustine; tamoxifen methiodide;tauromustine; tazarotene; tecogalan sodium; tegafur; tellurapyrylium;telomerase inhibitors; temoporfin; temozolomide; teniposide;tetrachlorodecaoxide; tetrazomine; thaliblastine; thiocoraline;thrombopoietin; thrombopoietin mimetic; thymalfasin; thymopoietinreceptor agonist; thymotrinan; thyroid stimulating hormone; tin ethyletiopurpurin; tirapazamine; titanocene bichloride; topsentin;toremifene; totipotent stem cell factor; translation inhibitors;tretinoin; triacetyluridine; triciribine; trimetrexate; triptorelin;tropisetron; turosteride; tyrosine kinase inhibitors; tyrphostins; UBCinhibitors; ubenimex; urogenital sinus-derived growth inhibitory factor;urokinase receptor antagonists; vapreotide; variolin B; vector system,erythrocyte gene therapy; velaresol; veramine; verdins; verteporfin;vinorelbine; vinxaltine; vitaxin; vorozole; zanoterone; zeniplatin;zilascorb; and zinostatin stimalamer.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventing UIinclude, but are not limited to, propantheline, imipramine, hyoscyamine,oxybutynin, and dicyclomine.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventing anulcer include, antacids such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide,sodium bicarbonate, and calcium bicarbonate; sucraflate; bismuthcompounds such as bismuth subsalicylate and bismuth subcitrate; H₂antagonists such as cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, and nizatidine;H⁺, K⁺-ATPase inhibitors such as omeprazole, iansoprazole, andlansoprazole; carbenoxolone; misprostol; and antibiotics such astetracycline, metronidazole, timidazole, clarithromycin, andamoxicillin.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventing IBDinclude, but are not limited to, anticholinergic drugs; diphenoxylate;loperamide; deodorized opium tincture; codeine; broad-spectrumantibiotics such as metronidazole; sulfasalazine; olsalazine;mesalamine; prednisone; azathioprine; mercaptopurine; and methotrexate.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventing IBSinclude, but are not limited to, propantheline; muscarine receptorantogonists such as pirenzapine, methoctramine, ipratropium, tiotropium,scopolamine, methscopolamine, homatropine, homatropine methylbromide,and methantheline; and antidiarrheal drugs such as diphenoxylate andloperamide.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventing anaddictive disorder include, but are not limited to, methadone,desipramine, amantadine, fluoxetine, buprenorphine, an opiate agonist,3-phenoxypyridine, levomethadyl acetate hydrochloride, and serotoninantagonists.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventingParkinson's disease and parkinsonism include, but are not limited to,carbidopa/levodopa, pergolide, bromocriptine, ropinirole, pramipexole,entacapone, tolcapone, selegiline, amantadine, and trihexyphenidylhydrochloride.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventing anxietyinclude, but are not limited to, benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam,brotizolam, chlordiazepoxide, clobazam, clonazepam, clorazepate,demoxepam, diazepam, estazolam, flumazenil, flurazepam, halazepam,lorazepam, midazolam, nitrazepam, nordazepam, oxazepam, prazepam,quazepam, temazepam, and triazolam; non-benzodiazepine agents, such asbuspirone, gepirone, ipsapirone, tiospirone, zolpicone, zolpidem, andzaleplon; tranquilizers, such as barbituates, e.g., amobarbital,aprobarbital, butabarbital, butalbital, mephobarbital, methohexital,pentobarbital, phenobarbital, secobarbital, and thiopental; andpropanediol carbamates, such as meprobamate and tybamate.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventingepilepsy include, but are not limited to, carbamazepine, ethosuximide,gabapentin, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, valproicacid, trimethadione, benzodiazepines, vinyl GABA, acetazolamide, andfelbamate.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventing strokeinclude, but are not limited to, anticoagulants such as heparin, agentsthat break up clots such as streptokinase or tissue plasminogenactivator, agents that reduce swelling such as mannitol orcorticosteroids, and acetylsalicylic acid.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventing aseizure include, but are not limited to, carbamazepine, ethosuximide,gabapentin, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, valproicacid, trimethadione, benzodiazepines, gabapentin, lamotrigine, y-vinylGABA, acetazolamide, and felbamate.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventing apruritic condition include, but are not limited to, naltrexone;nalmefene; danazol; tricyclics such as amitriptyline, imipramine, anddoxepin; antidepressants such as those given below, menthol; camphor;phenol; pramoxine; capsaicin; tar; steroids; and antihistamines.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventingpsychosis include, but are not limited to, phenothiazines such aschlorpromazine hydrochloride, mesoridazine besylate, and thoridazinehydrochloride; thioxanthenes such as chloroprothixene and thiothixenehydrochloride; clozapine; risperidone; olanzapine; quetiapine;quetiapine fumarate; haloperidol; haloperidol decanoate; loxapinesuccinate; molindone hydrochloride; pimozide; and ziprasidone.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventingHuntington's chorea include, but are not limited to, haloperidol andpimozide.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventing ALSinclude, but are not limited to, baclofen, neurotrophic factors,riluzole, tizanidine, benzodiazepines such as clonazepan and dantrolene.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventingcognitive disorders include, but are not limited to, agents for treatingor preventing dementia such as tacrine; donepezil; ibuprofen;antipsychotic drugs such as thioridazine and haloperidol; andantidepressant drugs such as those given below.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventing amigraine include, but are not limited to, sumatriptan; methysergide;ergotamine; caffeine; and beta-blockers such as propranolol, verapamil,and divalproex.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventingvomiting include, but are not limited to, 5-HT₃ receptor antagonistssuch as odansteron, dolasetron, granisetron, and tropisetron; dopaminereceptor antagonists such as prochlorperazine, thiethylperazine,chlorpromazin, metoclopramide, and domperidone; glucocorticoids such asdexamethasone; and benzodiazepines such as lorazepam and alprazolam.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventingdyskinesia include, but are not limited to, reserpine and tetrabenazine.

Examples of useful therapeutic agents for treating or preventingdepression include, but are not limited to, tricyclic antidepressantssuch as amitryptyline, amoxapine, bupropion, clomipramine, desipramine,doxepin, imipramine, maprotiline, nefazadone, nortriptyline,protriptyline, trazodone, trimipramine, and venlafaxine; selectiveserotonin reuptake inhibitors such as citalopram, (S)-citalopram,fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and setraline; monoamine oxidaseinhibitors such as isocarboxazid, pargyline, phenelzine, andtranylcypromine; and psychostimulants such as dextroamphetamine andmethylphenidate.

A Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound and the other therapeutic agent can actadditively or in one embodiment, synergistically. In one embodiment, aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound is administered concurrently with anothertherapeutic agent, for example, a composition comprising an effectiveamount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound, an effective amount ofanother therapeutic agent can be administered. Alternatively, acomposition comprising an effective amount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound and a different composition comprising an effective amount ofanother therapeutic agent can be concurrently administered. In anotherembodiment, an effective amount of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound isadministered prior or subsequent to administration of an effectiveamount of another therapeutic agent. In this embodiment, theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound is administered while the othertherapeutic agent exerts its therapeutic effect, or the othertherapeutic agent is administered while the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound exerts its preventative or therapeutic effect for treating or aCondition.

A composition of the invention is prepared by a method comprisingadmixing a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. Admixingcan be accomplished using methods well known for admixing a compound (orsalt) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. In oneembodiment the composition is prepared such that theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound is present in the composition in aneffective amount.

4.6 Kits

The invention encompasses kits that can simplify the administration of aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound to an animal.

A typical kit of the invention comprises a unit dosage form of aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound. In one embodiment, the unit dosage formis a container, which can be sterile, containing an effective amount ofa Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound and a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier or excipient. The kit can further comprise a label or printedinstructions instructing the use of the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound totreat or prevent a Condition. The kit can also further comprise a unitdosage form of another therapeutic agent, for example, a secondcontainer containing an effective amount of the other therapeutic agentand a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. In anotherembodiment, the kit comprises a container containing an effective amountof a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound, an effective amount of anothertherapeutic agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier orexcipient. Examples of other therapeutic agents include, but are notlimited to, those listed above.

Kits of the invention can further comprise a device that is useful foradministering the unit dosage forms. Examples of such a device include,but are not limited to, a syringe, a drip bag, a patch, an inhaler, andan enema hag.

The following examples are set forth to assist in understanding theinvention and should not be construed as specifically limiting theinvention described and claimed herein. Such variations of theinvention, including the substitution of all equivalents now known orlater developed, which would be within the purview of those skilled inthe art, and changes in formulation or minor changes in experimentaldesign, are to be considered to fall within the scope of the inventionincorporated herein.

5. EXAMPLES 5.1 Example 1 Synthesis of a cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compoundof Formula A26(a)

About 1 eq. of 2,3-dichloropyridine A and 1 eq. of a Compound of FormulaB were heated in DMSO (1 mL/mmol) in the presence of about 1 eq. of DIEAat a temperature of about 125° C. for about 12 h. The resulting reactionmixture was cooled to about 25° C. and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure to provide a Compound of Formula C.

The Compound of Formula C was then reacted with 30% TFA in DCM (5mL/mmol) at a temperature of from about 25° C. to about the boilingpoint of the solvent. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to about25° C., neutralized with aq. Na₂CO₃, and the organic layer separatedfrom the aqueous layer. The aqueous layer was then extracted with DCM,the organic layers combined and dried (MgSO₄), and the solvent removedunder reduced pressure to provide a Compound of Formula D. The Compoundof Formula D was purified using a silica gel column eluted with 15:1hexane-ethyl acetate.

The Compound of Formula D (1 eq.) was reacted with 1.25 eq. of LiHMDS atabout −78° C. and the resulting reaction mixture allowed to stir atabout −78° C. for about 2 h. After stirring for about 2 h, 3 eq. ofN-(5-chloro-2-pyridyl)triflimide 5 was added to the reaction mixture ata temperature of about −78° C. The reaction mixture was then stirred forabout 2.5 h at a temperature of about −78° C. and then allowed to warmto about 25° C. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and theresulting residue purified using a silica gel column eluted with 20:1hexane-ethyl acetate provide a Compound of Formula E.

The Compound of Formula E (about 1 eq.), 4-(tert-butyl) aniline (about 2eq.), and triethylamine (about 2.2 eq.) were dissolved in DMF (about 1mL/mmol) and the resulting solution was degassed by bubbling N₂ throughthe solution. Pd(OAc)₂ and Dppp (about 0.3 eq. of each) were added tothe solution and the nitrogen atmosphere was replaced with CO at apressure of about 1 atm. The reaction mixture was then heated to about70° C. for about 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to about 25° C.and the solvent removed under reduced pressure to provide a residue. Theresulting residue was purified using silica gel column chromatographyeluted with 5:1 hexane-ethyl acetate to provide Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound A26(a).

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A26(a) was confirmed by¹H NMR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS).

Compound of Formula A26(a): ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 1.33 (s, 9H), 2.71 (m, 2H),3.60 (t, 2H, J=5.73 Hz), 4.12 (m, 2H), 6.80 (m, 1H), 6.88 (dd, 1H,J=4.9, 7.6 Hz), 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.42 (m, 1H), 7.5 (m, 2H), 7.64 (dd, 1H,J=1.84, 2.02 Hz), 8.21 (dd, 1H, J=1.83, 4.88 Hz); LCMS: 370 (M+1).

5.2 Example 2 Synthesis of a cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound of FormulaA98(a)

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A98(a) was obtained by a method analogousto that used to obtain Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A26(a) as describedin Example 1 except that 2-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine was usedin place of 2,3-dichloropyridine.

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A98(a) was confirmed by¹H NMR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula A98(a): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ ppm: 1.31 (s,9H), 2.66 (m, 2H), 3.51 (t, 2H), 4.05 (dd, 2H), 6.75 (m, 1H), 6.97 (dd,1H), 7.36 (d, 2H), 7.47 (t, 3H), 7.87 (dd, 1H), 8.41 (dd, 1H); LCMS(M+1): 404.2.

5.3 Example 3 Synthesis of a cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound of FormulaA34(a)

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A34(a) was obtained by a method analogousto that used to obtain Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A26(a) as describedin Example 1 except that 4-(trifluoromethyl) aniline was used in placeof 4-(tert-butyl) aniline.

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A34(a) was confirmed by¹H NMR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula A34(a): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) 2.72 (m, 2H), 3.60(t, 2H, J=5.47 Hz), 4.14 (m, 2H), 6.85 (m, 1H), 6.89 (dd, 1H, J=4.58,7.69 Hz), 7.62 (d, 2H, J=8.8 Hz), 7.66 (m, 2H), 7.72 (d, 2H, J=8.3 Hz),8.21 (m, 1H); LCMS: 382 (M+1).

5.4 Example 4 Synthesis of a cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound of FormulaA29(a)

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A29(a) was obtained by a method analogousto that used to obtain Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A26(a) as describedin Example 1 except that 4-(iso-propyl) aniline was used in place of4-(tert-butyl) aniline.

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A29(a) was confirmed by ¹H NMR and liquidchromatography-mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula A29(a): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): δ ppm: 1.21 (bs,6H), 2.61 (bs, 2H), 2.75 (bm, 1H), 3.55 (bs, 2H), 4.12 (bs, 2H), 6.70(s, 1H), 6.82 (m, 1H), 7.21 (t, 2H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.45 (t, 2H), 7.77(t, 1H), 8.25 (s, 1H); LCMS: 382 (M+1).

5.5 Example 5 Synthesis of a cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound of FormulaA75(a)

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A75(a) was obtained b_(y) a methodanalogous to that used to obtain the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl CompoundA26(a) as described in Example 1 except that 2-chloro-3-methyl pyridinewas used in place of 2,3-dichloropyridine and the Compound of Formula Cwas obtained by the following method: 2-chloro-3-methyl pyridine (about1 eq.), a Compound of Formula B (about 1.2 eq.), and sodiumtert-butoxide (1.5 eq.) were dissolved in glyme (0.66 mL/mmol), and theresulting solution was degassed by bubbling N₂ through the solution.

After the solution was degassed, 0.02 eq. of tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0) catalyst and 0.02 eq. of the ligand depicted below

were added to the solution and the resulting reaction mixture was heatedat a temperature of about 50° C. for about 4.5 h. The reaction mixturewas cooled to about 25° C. and solids removed by filtering over CELITE.The solvent was then removed under reduced pressure to provide aresidue. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatographyusing a silica gel column eluted with 6:1 hexane-ethyl acetate toprovide the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A75(a).

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A75(a) was confirmed by¹H NMR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula A75(a): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.33 (s, 9H), 2.33(s, 3H), 2.67 (m, 2H), 3.33 (t, 2H), 3.99 (m, 2H), 6.81 (m, 1H), 6.89(m, 1H), 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.50 (m, 2H), 8.19 (m, 1H); LCMS:350 (M+1).

5.6 Example 6 Synthesis of a cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound of FormulaA81(a)

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A81(a) was obtained by a method analogousto that used to obtain the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A75(a) asdescribed in Example 5 except that 4-(isopropoxy) aniline was used inplace of 4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A81(a) was confirmed by¹H NMR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula A81(a): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 1.32 (d, 6H, J=5.98Hz), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.62 (m, 2H), 3.32 (m, 2H), 3.92 (m, 2H), 4.58 (m,2H), 6.80 (m, 1H), 6.89 (m, 2H), 6.97 (m, 1H), 7.48 (m, 2H), 7.58 (m,1H), 8.1 (m, 1H); LCMS: 351 (M⁺).

5.7 Example 7 Synthesis of a cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound of FormulaA77(a)

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A77(a) was obtained by a method analogousto that used to obtain Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A75(a) as describedin Example 5 except that 4-(iso-propyl) aniline was used in place of4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A77(a) was confirmed by¹H NMR and mass spectrometry (MS).

Compound of Formula A77(a): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): δ ppm: 1.25 (bd,6H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.61 (bs, 2H), 2.75 (m, 1H), 3.27 (m, 2H), 3.92 (s,2H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.85 (m, 1H), 7.23 (t, 2H), 7.52 (bm, 4H), 8.15 (s,1H); MS (EI): m/z 335 (M+1).

5.8 Example 8 Synthesis of a cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound of FormulaA82(a)

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A82(a) was obtained by a method analogousto that used to obtain Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A75(a) as describedin Example 5 except that (4-trifluoromethyl) aniline was used in placeof 4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A82(a) was confirmed by¹H NMR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula A82(a): NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.67 (m,2H), 3.34 (t, 2H, J=5.48 Hz), 4.01 (dd, 2H, J=2.88, 6.16 Hz), 6.86 (m,1H), 6.91 (dd, 1H, J=5.09, 7.5 Hz), 7.46 (m, 1H), 7.62 (d, 2H, J=8.47),7.65 (b, 1H), 7.73 (d, 2H, J=8.5 Hz), 8.18 (m, 1H); LCMS: 362 (M+1).

5.9 Example 9 Synthesis of a cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound of FormulaA170(a)

A Compound of Formula F (about 1 eq.), a Compound of Formula 2 (about 1eq.) (commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.(www.sigma-aldrich.com)), and triethylamine (about 2.2 eq.) weredissolved in DMF (5 mL/mmol) and the resulting solution was stirred atabout 25° C. for about 5 h. The solvent was then removed under reducedpressure to provide a yellow residue. The residue was dissolved inmethylene chloride and filtered through CELITE. The solvent was thenremoved from the resulting filtrate under reduced pressure to provide aCompound of Formula H which was used without further purification. TheCompound of Formula H (about 1 eq.), 4-tert-butyl aniline (about 5 eq.),1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt, about 1 eq.), and DIC (about 1 eq.) weredissolved in DCM and the resulting solution was stirred at about 25° C.for about 2 days. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and theresulting residue was purified using silica gel column chromatographyeluted with 10:1 hexane-ethyl acetate to provide Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound A170(a) as a yellow solid.

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A170(a) was confirmed by¹H NMR and mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula A170(a): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): δ ppm: 1.25 (bd,6H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.61 (bs, 2H), 2.75 (m, 1H), 3.27 (m, 2H), 3.92 (s,2H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.85 (m, 1H), 7.23 (t, 2H), 7.52 (bm, 4H), 8.15 (s,1H); MS (EI): m/z 335 (M+1).

5.10 Example 10 Synthesis of a cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound of FormulaB38(a)

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound B38(a) was obtained by a method analogousto that used to obtain the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A26(a) asdescribed in Example 1 except that 0.2 eq. of2-amino-6-methylbenzothiazole was used in place of 0.3 eq.4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound B38(a) was confirmed by¹H NMR and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula B38(a): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ ppm: 11.25 (s,1H), 8.15 (dd, 1H), 7.62 (m, 3H), 7.12 (dd, 1H), 6.87 (dd, 1H), 6.81 (m,1H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 3.57 (t, 2H), 2.78 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H); LCMS(M+H⁺):385.

5.11 Example 11 Synthesis of a cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound of FormulaB37(a)

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound B37(a) was obtained by a method analogousto that used to obtain Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound B38(a) as describedin Example 10 except that 2-amino-6-fluorobenzothiazole was used inplace of 2-amino-6-methylbenzothiazole.

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound B37(a) was confirmed by¹H NMR and mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula B37(a): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): δ ppm: 2.61 (s, 2H),3.50 (s, 2H), 4.05 (s, 2H), 7.10 (m, 1H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.35 (m, 1H),7.75 (m, 1H), 7.80 (t, 1H), 7.92 (m, 1H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 12.20 (s, 1H);MS (EI): m/z 389 (M+1).

5.12 Example 12 Synthesis of a cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound of FormulaB85(a) and B84(a)

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound B85(a) was obtained by a method analogousto that used to obtain Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound B38(a) as describedin Example 10 except that 2-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl) pyridine was usedin place 2,3-dichloropyridine.

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound B84(a) was obtained by a method analogousto that used to obtain Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound B38(a) as describedin Example 10 except that 2-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl) pyridine was usedin place 2,3-dichloropyridine, and 2-amino-6-fluorobenzothiazole wasused in place of 2-amino-6-methylbenzothiazole.

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound B85(a) was confirmed by¹H NMR and mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula B85(a): ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.74 (m, 2H),3.54 (t, 2H, J=5.49 Hz), 4.00 (dd, 2H, J=2.86, 6.16 Hz), 6.92 (m, 1H),7.02 (dd, 1H, J=4.16, 8.36 Hz), 7.20 (m, 1H), 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.91 (dd,1H, J=2, 7.96 Hz), 8.44 (m, 1H), 9.90 (b, 1H); MS: 419 (M+1).

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound B84(a) was confirmed by¹H NMR and mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula B84(a): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ ppm: 2.73 (m,2H), 3.52 (t, 2H), 3.95 (d, 2H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 7.06 (m, 2H), 7.51 (dd,1H), 7.65 (dd, 1H), 7.91 (d, 1H), 8.41 (dd, 1H), 10.27 (broad s, 1H);MS: 423.1 (M+1).

5.13 Example 13 Synthesis of a cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds of FormulaB62(a) and B63(a)

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound B62(a) was obtained by a method analogousto that used to obtain Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A75(a) as describedin Example 5 except that 2-amino-6-fluorobenzothiazole was used in place4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound B63(a) was obtained by a method analogousto that used to obtain the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A75(a) asdescribed in Example 5 except that 2-amino-6-methylbenzothiazole wasused in place 4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound B62(a) was confirmed by¹H NMR and mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula B62(a): ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 9.82 (br, 1H), 8.17 (dd, 1H,J=1.9 and 4.8 Hz), 7.71 (dd, 1H, J=4.8 and 8.7 Hz), 7.54 (dd, 1H, J=2.6and 8.1 Hz), 7.46 (d, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.15 (ddd, 1H, J=2.3, 6.4 and 8.7Hz), 7.0-7.04 (m, 1H), 6.91 (dd, 1H, J=4.8 and 7.4 Hz), 3.95 (dd, 2H,J=2.8 and 6.4 Hz), 3.35 (dd, 2H, J=5.4 and 5.8 Hz), 2.68-2.74 (m, 2H),2.31 (s, 3H); MS: 369 (M+1).

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound B63(a) was confirmed by¹H NMR and mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula B63(a): ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 9.80 (br, 1H), 8.19 (dd, 1H,J=1.3 and 4.8 Hz), 7.64-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.45 (d, 1H, J=7.2 Hz), 7.23 (dd,1H, J=1.9 and 8.3 Hz), 6.99-7.0 (m, 1H), 6.85 (dd, 1H, J=4.8 and 7.2Hz), 3.92-3.95 (m, 2H), 3.34 (dd, 2H, 5.4 and 5.5 Hz), 2.68-2.72 (m,2H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H); MS: 365 (M+1).

5.14 Example 14 Synthesis of a cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound of FormulaK1(a)

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound K1(a) was obtained by a method analogousto that used to obtain Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A26(a) as describedin Example 1 except that 2,2-difluoro-5-aminobenzodioxole (commerciallyavailable from Lancaster Synthesis of Windam, N.H.) was used in place oftert-butyl aniline.

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound K1(a) was confirmed by ¹HNMR.

Compound of Formula K1(a): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ ppm: 8.20-8.17 (m1H), 6.68-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.64-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.43 (bs, 1H), 7.02-6.99 (m,2H), 6.89-6.85 (m, 1H), 6.83-6.78 (m, 1H), 4.14-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.55(m, 2H), 2.72-2.65 (m, 2H).

5.15 Example 15 Synthesis of a cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound of FormulaA34(a)

A Compound of Formula C was obtained, in one method, by a methodanalogous to that described in Example 1 except that the heating was ata temperature of about 140° C. for about 12 hours.

A Compound of Formula C was obtained, in another method, by adding at atemperature of about 25° C. the Compound of Formula A (51.9 g, 350 mmol)to a suspension of the Compound of Formula B (50.3 g. 350 mmol) andK₂CO₃ (120 g, 875 mmol) in DMSO to form a reaction mixture. The reactionmixture was stirred at 150° C. for about 16 hours. Thereafter, thereaction mixture was cooled to about 25° C. and quenched with water. Theresulting liquid was extracted 3 times with EtOAc (300 mL perextraction), the organic layers combined and dried (Na₂SO₄), and thesolvent removed to provide the Compound of Formula C (92.5% yield) witha purity of >90%, as determined by LCMS.

The Compound of Formula C (about 0.25 mmol/mL) was reacted with 4N HClin THF at a temperature of about 50° C. for about 16 hours. Theresulting reaction mixture was cooled to about 25° C. and neutralizedwith aqueous Na₂CO₃. Separate aqueous and organic layers formed. Theorganic layer was separated from the aqueous layer. The aqueous layerwas then extracted with about 150-300 mL of ethyl acetate. The organiclayer was combined with the post-extraction ethyl acetate and thecombination was dried with MgSO₄. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure to provide a Compound of Formula D. The Compound of Formula Dwas purified using a silica gel column eluted with 3:1 hexane:ethylacetate (80% yield).

The Compound of Formula D (1 eq., about 0.3 mmol/mL) was reacted with1.2 eq. of aqueous NaCN within the temperature range of from 0° C. to25° C. for about 12 hours. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure and the resulting residue was purified using a silica gelcolumn eluted with 3:1 hexane:ethyl acetate provide a Compound ofFormula J (99% yield).

The Compound of Formula J (about 1 eq., about 0.25 mmol/mL) was reactedwith 2.2 eq. of POCl₃ in pyridine at a temperature of about 25° C. forabout 22 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and theresulting residue was purified using a silica gel column eluted with 5:1hexane:ethyl acetate provide a Compound of Formula K (91% yield).

The Compound of Formula K (about 0.5 mmol/mL) was refluxed in 6N aqueousHCl at a temperature of about 100° C. for about 12 hours. The resultingreaction mixture was cooled to about 25° C. and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure to provide a Compound of Formula L which was usedwithout further purification (92% yield).

In a single step procedure, the Compound of Formula L (about 1 eq.),4-trifluoromethyl-aniline (about 1 eq., obtained from Aldrich ChemicalCo., Milwaukee, Wis.), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt, about 1.25 eq.),and DIC (about 1.25 eq.) were dissolved in DMF (about 0.35 mmol/mL) andthe resulting solution was stirred at a temperature of about 25° C. forabout 12 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and theresulting residue was purified using silica gel column chromatographyeluted with 10:1 hexane:ethyl acetate to provide 0.37 equivalents ofCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A34(a) (37% yield).

In a two-step procedure, the Compound of Formula L (about 1 eq., about0.6 mmol/mL) was reacted with excess SOCl₂ (about 24 eq.) at atemperature of about 25° C. for about 12 hours in a first step toprovide a Compound of Formula M, which was used without furtherpurification. Then, in a second step, about 1 equivalent of the Compoundof Formula M (about 1 mmol/5.0 mL), 4-trifluoromethyl-aniline (about 1.5eq.), and triethylamine (about 2.0 eq.) were dissolved in DCM and theresulting solution was degassed by bubbling nitrogen through thesolution. The reaction mixture was kept at about 25° C. for about 4hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide aresidue. The resulting residue was purified using a silica gel columnand eluted with 10:1 hexane:ethyl acetate to provide 0.63 equivalents ofCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A34(a) (63% yield for the two-stepprocedure).

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A34(a) was confirmed by¹H-NMR and mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula A34(a): ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 8.19 (dd, 1H, J=1.6, 7.7Hz), 7.73 (d, 2H, J=10.1 Hz), 7.67-7.59 (m, 4H), 6.87 (dd, 1H, J=4.8,7.7 Hz), 6.82 (m, 1H), 4.12 (dd, 2H, J=2.9, 6.3 Hz), 3.58 (t, 2H, J=5.5Hz), 2.70 (m, 2H); MS: 382.1 (M+1).

5.16 Example 16 Synthesis of a cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound of FormulaA178(a)

Isonicotinic acid N (15 g, 121.8 mmol, obtained from Aldrich ChemicalCo.) was added to about 100 mL of thionyl chloride and the reactionmixture was stirred for about 17 h at about 25° C. After this period,excess SOCl₂ was removed under reduced pressure to provide a whitesolid. About 400 mL of THF was added to the resulting solid and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide isonicotinic acidchloride as a white powder. The white powder was dissolved in about 400mL of THF. The solution was cooled to about 0° C. and4-trifluoromethyl-aniline (21.6 g, 134.0 mmol, 1.1 eq., obtained fromAldrich Chemical Co.) and sodium bicarbonate (30 g, 365.4 mmol, 3.0 eq.)were added. The reaction mixture was stirred for about 5 min at about 0°C., warmed to about 25° C. over about 30 min, then heated to about 65°C. and kept at that temperature for about 1 h. After this period, thereaction mixture was cooled to about 25° C. and the THF was removedunder reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in about 800 mL ofethyl acetate and washed with about 600 mL of aqueous 3N HCl. Separateaqueous and organic layers formed. The layers were separated and theaqueous layer was extracted three times with about 600 mL of ethylacetate per extraction. The organic layer was combined with thepost-extraction ethyl acetate aliquots. The combination was dried withNa₂SO₄ and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide 32g of the Compound of Formula O as a white solid (99% yield).

The structure of the Compound of Formula O was confirmed by ¹H-NMR andmass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula O: ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD) δ: 9.14-9.08 (m, 2H), 8.60-8.53(m, 2H), 8.06-7.98 (m, 2H), 7.77-7.69 (m, 2H); MS: m/z=267.1.

The Compound of Formula O (31 g, 118.1 mmol) was suspended in a mixtureof THF (400 mL) and DMF (100 mL) at about 25° C. and benzyl bromide(30.3 g, 177.1 mmol, obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co.) was added. Theresulting reaction mixture was refluxed for about 24 hours at atemperature of about 80° C. After this period, the reaction mixture wascooled to about 25° C. and the resulting solid was filtered off. Amajority of the THF was removed from the filtrate under reducedpressure. A precipitate formed when about 400 mL of diethyl ether wasadded to the DMF-enriched solution. The resulting solid was filteredoff. The solids were combined and dried to provide 51 g of the Compoundof Formula P (99% yield).

The structure of the Compound of Formula P was confirmed by ¹H-NMR andmass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula P: ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD) δ: 9.29-9.23 (m, 2H), 8.58-8.51(m, 2H), 7.98-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.72-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.51 (m, 2H),7.49-7.43 (m, 2H), 5.91 (s, 2H); MS: m/z=357.1.

The Compound of Formula P (48 g, 109.8 mmol) was suspended in about 600mL of methanol, cooled to about 0° C., and sodium borohydride (13.3 g,351.2 mmol) was added in several portions of about 1 g each over aperiod of about 30 min. The reaction mixture was stirred for about 1 hat about 0° C. and warmed to about 25° C. over about a 2 hour period.After this period, the methanol was removed under reduced pressure. Theresidue was diluted with about 800 mL of brine and about 1.5 L of ethylacetate. Separate aqueous and organic layers formed. The layers wereseparated and the aqueous layer was washed twice with about 600 mL ofethyl acetate per wash. The organic layer was combined with thepost-washing ethyl acetate aliquots. The combination was dried withNa₂SO₄ and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide abrown residue. The residue was dissolved in about 200 mL of DCM. Aprecipitate formed when about 200 mL of hexane was added to the DCMsolution. The resulting solid was filtered off. The solid was dried toprovide 39 g of the Compound of Formula Q (98% yield).

The structure of the Compound of Formula Q was confirmed by ¹H-NMR andmass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula Q: ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 7.70-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.56(m, 4H), 7.48 (bs, 1H), 7.38-7.27 (m, 5H), 6.69-6.64 (m, 1H), 3.64 (s,2H), 3.21-3.16 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.66 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.48 (m, 2H); MS:m/z=361.1.

Under a dry nitrogen atmosphere, α-chloroethylchloroformate (16 mL, 22.6g, 158.1 mmol, obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co.) was added drop wiseto a solution of the Compound of Formula Q (30 g, 83.2 mmol) in about500 mL of DCE over a period of about 15 min at about 0° C. The reactionmixture was then warmed to about 25° C. over a period of about 30 min.The reaction mixture was then heated to about 83° C. and refluxed forabout 4 hours at that temperature. After this period, the solvent andunreacted α-chloroethylchloroformate were removed under reducedpressure. The resulting residue was dissolved in about 500 mL ofmethanol. The methanol solution was refluxed for about 3 hours at atemperature of about 65° C. After this, the methanol was removed toprovide 31.3 g of brown residue. The residue was dissolved in about 500mL of DCM. A precipitate formed when about 300 mL of diethyl ether wasadded to the DCM solution. The resulting solid was filtered off. Thesolid was dried to provide 26 g of the Compound of Formula R as whitesolid. The ¹H-NMR and LCMS analyses of the white solid showed that thesample was about 92-95% pure; therefore, the yield (based on thestarting weight of compound Q used) was determined to be about 94-97%.

The structure of the Compound of Formula R was confirmed by ¹H-NMR andmass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula R: ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD) δ: 7.79-7.71 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.49(m, 2H), 6.65-6.59 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.28 (m, 2H),2.68-2.59 (m, 2H); LCMS: m/z=271.1.

The Compound of Formula R (10.5 g, 34.2 mmol), 2-chloro-3-nitropyridine(5.1 g, 32.2 mmol, obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co.) and triethylamine(19 mL, 13.8 g, 136.8 mmol) were mixed in about 500 mL of DCE at about25° C. and kept for about 12 hours at about 25° C. After this period themixture was poured into about 800 mL of aqueous sodium bicarbonate andabout 800 mL of DCM. Separate aqueous and organic layers formed. Theorganic layer was separated from the aqueous layer. The organic layerwas dried with Na₂SO₄ and the solvent was removed under reduced pressureto provide 14.2 g of crude product. The crude product was dissolved inabout 300 mL of DCM. A precipitate formed when about 600 mL of hexanewas added to the DCM solution. The resulting solid was filtered off anddried to provide 12.5 g of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A178(a) as ayellow solid (99% yield).

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A178(a) was confirmed by¹H-NMR and mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula A178(a): ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 8.38-8.35 (m, 1H),8.21-8.16 (m, 2H), 7.73-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.64-7.57 (m, 1H), 7.52 (bs, 1H),6.84-6.79 (m, 1H), 6.75-6.71 (m, 1H), 4.06-4.01 (m, 2H), 3.76-3.70 (m,2H), 2.74-2.67 (m, 2H); MS: m/z=393.1.

5.17 Example 17 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAAAA

A mixture of zinc granules (13.9 g, 212.3 mmol) in ethanol (160 mL),water (40 mL), and HCl (10 mL) was cooled to about 0° C. A solution ofCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A178(a) in about 120 mL of ethanol wasadded to the mixture. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred forabout 1.5 h at about 0° C. After this period, the mixture was filteredand the solvent was removed from the filtrate under reduced pressure toprovide a dark brown residue. The residue was dissolved in about 1 L ofDCM and neutralized with 1N aqueous KOH to a pH of about 10. Separateaqueous and organic layers formed. The organic layer was separated fromthe aqueous layer. The organic layer was dried with Na₂SO₄ and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide 9.2 g of a brownoil. The ¹H-NMR and LCMS analyses of the oil showed that the sample wasabout 80-85% pure; therefore, the yield (based on the starting weight ofCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound AAA) of the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl CompoundAAA was determined to be about 96-100%.

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound AAA was confirmed by¹H-NMR and mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula AAA: ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 7.82-7.79 (m, 1H), 7.73-7.68(m, 2H), 7.63-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.01-6.96 (m, 1H), 6.91-6.83 (m, 2H),3.95-3.89 (m, 2H), 3.83-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.35-129 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.60 (m,2H); LCMS: m/z=363.2.

5.18 Example 18 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAA34(a)

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound AAA (1.77 g, 4.88 mmol) was suspended inabout 100 mL of 6N aqueous HCl, cooled to about 0° C., and treated witha solution of NaNO₂ (0.34 g, 4.88 mmol) in about 40 mL of water withstirring. The resulting solution was stirred for about 30 minutes atabout 0° C. Thereafter, a solution of (CuCl)₂ (0.58 g, 5.86 mmol,obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co.) in about 50 mL of water was added.The resulting mixture was stirred for about 30 minutes at about 0° C.,allowed to warm to about 25° C., then stirred for about 1 h at about 25°C. After this period, the mixture was diluted with about 300 mL of waterand extracted twice with about 700 mL of ethyl acetate used perextraction. The post-extraction ethyl acetate aliquots were combined,dried with Na₂SO₄ and the solvent was removed to provide 1.8 g of a darkbrown oil. This oil was purified by flash chromatography on a silica gelcolumn, using a gradient of from 5:95 to 80:20 (by volume) ethylacetate:hexane as an eluent, to provide 0.82 g of theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A34(a) as tan solid (45% yield).

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A34(a) was confirmed by¹H-NMR and mass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula A34(a): ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 8.19 (dd, 1H, J=1.54, 4.82Hz), 7.73-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.65-7.56 (m, 4H), 6.87 (dd, 1H, J=4.6, 7.45Hz), 6.85-6.82 (m, 1H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.58 (t, 2H, J=5.7 Hz),2.74-2.66 (m, 2H); MS: m/z=382.1.

5.19 Example 19 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAA36(a)

Compound A36(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl amine was used in place of 4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

5.20 Example 20 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAL1(a)

Compound L1(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl amine was used in place of4-(tert-butyl) aniline.

5.21 Example 21 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAA106(a)

Compound A106(a) was prepared according to Example 3, except that2-chloro-3-trifluoropyridine was used in place of 2,3-dichloropyridine.

5.22 Example 22 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAL3(a)

Compound L3(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that4-methyl-3-trifluoromethylphenyl amine was used in place of4-(tert-butyl) aniline.

5.23 Example 23 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAL4(a)

Compound L4(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethylthio)benzenamine was used in place of4-(tert-butyl) aniline.

5.24 Example 24 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAL5(a)

Compound L5(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl amine was used in place of4-(tert-butyl) aniline.

5.25 Example 25 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAL7(a)

Compound L7(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that4-amino-2-trifluoromethylbenzonitrile was used in place of4-(tert-butyl) aniline.

5.26 Example 26 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAA44(a)

Compound A44(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)benzenamine was used in place of4-(tert-butyl) aniline.

5.27 Example 27 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAA43(a)

Compound A43(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except thatN,N-diethylbenzene-1,4-diamine was used in place of 4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

5.28 Example 28: SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAA34(b)

Compound A34(b) was prepared according to Example 1, except that4-trifluoromethylphenyl amine was used in place of 4-(tert-butyl)aniline and 1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-3-methylpiperidin-4-one, thereaction product of 3-methylpiperidin-4-one with 2,3-dichloropyridine(Compound of Formula A), was used in place of the Compound of Formula D.

3-Methylpiperidin-4-one was prepared by debenzylating1-benzyl-3-methylpiperidin-4-one as follows. 70 g (344.3 mmol) of1-benzyl-3-methylpiperidin-4-one (available from Across Organics,Piscataway, N.J.) was dissolved in methanol (400 mL) under a nitrogenatmosphere. 5.6 g of a Pd/C catalyst was added to form a reactionmixture. The nitrogen atmosphere was replaced by a hydrogen atmosphere.The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 48 hours and thenfiltered through a pad of CELITE (about 200 g). The filtrate wasconcentrated by removing the solvent under reduced pressure to provide38 g of 3-methylpiperidin-4-one.

1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-3-methylpiperidin-4-one was prepared bydissolving 19.2 g 3-methylpiperidin-4-one (168.9 mmol) and 25 g ofCompound of Formula A (168.9 mmol) in DMSO (400 mL) under a nitrogenatmosphere to form a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirredat 85° C. for 12 hours. Therefter, the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on a silicagel column, using a gradient of from 10:90 to 98:2 (by volume) ethylacetate:hexane as an eluent, to provide 9 g of1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-3-methylpiperidin-4-one.

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound A34(b) was confirmed by¹H-NMR.

Compound of Formula A34(b): ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ ppm: 8.20 (dd,1H, J=4.82, 1.53 Hz), 7.74-7.69 (m, 2H), 7.64-7.58 (m, 4H), 6.87 (dd,1H, J=7.45, 4.82 Hz), 6.61 (bt, 1H, J=3.29 Hz), 4.17-4.09 (m, 1H), 3.99(td, 1H, J=19.1, 2.85 Hz), 3.64 (dd, 1H, J=12.49, 3.94 Hz), 3.34 (dd,1H, J=12.71, 4.38 Hz), 3.13-3.04 (m, 1H), 1.29 (d, 3H, J=6.79 Hz).

5.29 Example 29 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAK4(a)

Compound K4(a) was prepared according to Example 21, except that2,2-difluoro-5-aminobenzodioxole was used in place of4-(trifluoromethyl) aniline.

5.30 Example 30 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAA42(a)

Compound A42(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that4-(trifluoromethylthio)benzenamine was used in place of 4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

5.31 Example 31 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAM1(a)

Compound M1(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl amine was used in place of 4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

5.32 Example 32 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAM23(a)

Compound M23(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl amine was used in place of 4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

5.33 Example 33 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAM4(a)

Compound M4(a) was prepared according to Example 31, except that2-chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine was used in place of2,3-dichloropyridine.

5.34 Example 34 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAM26(a)

Compound M26(a) was prepared according to Example 33, except that6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl amine was used in place of5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl amine.

5.35 Example 35 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAE34(a)

Compound E34(a) was prepared according to Example 3, except that2,3-dichloropyrazine was used in place of 2,3-dichloropyridine.

5.36 Example 36 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAA58(a)

Compound A58(a) was prepared according to Example 3, except that2-chloro-3-fluoropyridine was used in place of 2,3-dichloropyridine.

5.37 Example 37 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAM2(a)

1.1 eq. of the piperidinyl ketal 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]-decane (B)was added to a 1.2M solution of 2-chloro-3-fluoropyridine (AAB, 1 eq.)in toluene (96 mL), followed by the addition of 1.1 eq. of the sodiumsalt of 2-methylpropan-2-ol (“NaOtBu”), 0.05 eq. Pd(OAc)₂, and 0.05 eq.Dppp to form a reaction mixture. The atmosphere in contact with thereaction mixture was replaced by nitrogen. The reaction mixture wasstirred with a magnetic stirring bar and heated to 65° C. The reactionmixture was stirred at this temperature for 3 h. The reaction mixturewas then cooled to about 25° C. and filtered through about 200 g ofCELITE powder that had been prewetted with about 200 mL of EtOAc. Thesolvent was partially removed under reduced pressure to provide aresidue. The residue was purified by passing through a silica gel padwith a solution of 50% EtOAc in hexane by volume. This provided theCompound of Formula AAC as a yellow oil (94% yield) which was shown, byLC/MS, to be about 99% pure. The structure of the Compound of FormulaAAC was confirmed by ¹H-NMR spectrometry.

Compound of Formula AAC: ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 8.01-7.97 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.17(m, 1H), 6.75-6.69 (m, 1H), 4.02 (s, 4H), 3.64-3.57 (m, 4H), 1.86-1.80(m, 4H).

The Compound of Formula AAC, prepared as described above, was usedwithout further purification. 1 eq. of the Compound of Formula AAC wasdissolved in 60 mL THF. Thereafter, an equal volume of 4N aqueous HClwas added to form a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirredwhile heating to 60° C. and stirred at this temperature for 3 h. Thereaction mixture was then to cooled to about 25° C. The solution wasmade basic by adding aqueous K₂CO₃, extracted with EtOAc, dried overNa₂SO₄, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide aresidue. The residue was purified by chromatography on a silica gelcolumn, using a gradient of from 0:100 to 5:95 (by volume) methanol:(10%diethyl ether in hexane by volume) as an eluent, to provide, afterremoving the solvent under reduced pressure, the ketone Compound ofFormula AAD as a yellow oil (82% yield). The structure of the Compoundof Formula AAD was confirmed by ¹H-NMR spectrometry.

Compound of Formula AAD: ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 8.06-8.01 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.25(m, 1H), 6.85-6.78 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.79 (m, 4H), 2.62-2.51 (m, 4H).

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the Compound of Formula AAD (5.6 g, 26.6mmol) was dissolved in THF (500 mL) at a temperature of about 25° C. Theresulting solution was cooled to −78° C. and LiHMDS (35 mL, 34.6 mmol,1M in THF) was added to form a reaction mixture. The reaction mixturewas stirred at −78° C. for 1.5 h and a THF (100 mL) solution ofN-(5-chloro-2-pyridyl)triflimide (also known as Comins' reagent, 10.5 g,26.6 mmol) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at −78°C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then warmed to about 25° C. over a1 h period and stirred for an additional 4 h at about 25° C. After thisperiod, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide aresidue. The residue was purified by column chromatography on a silicagel column, using a gradient of from 2:98 to 50:50 (by volume)EtOAc:hexane as an eluent, to provide 5.75 g of the triflate Compound ofFormula AAE as light yellow oil.

The structure of the Compound of Formula AAE was confirmed by ¹H-NMR andmass spectrometry.

Compound of Formula AAE: ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 8.03-7.97 (m, 1H), 7.31-7.22(m, 1H+CHCl₃), 6.83-6.75 (m, 1H), 5.92-5.87 (m, 1H), 4.17-4.12 (m, 2H),3.77-3.71 (m, 2H), 2.64-2.58 (m, 2H); MS: 327 (M+1).

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, the Compound of Formula AAE (2.1 g, 6.4mmol), 5-trifluromethyl-pyridin-2-ylamine (AAF, 2.1 g, 12.8 mmol), andtriethylamine (1.96 mL, 1.42 g, 14.2 mmol) were dissolved in THF (30 mL)at a temperature of about 25° C. The resulting solution was stirred for2 min. Thereafter, Pd(OAc)₂ (287 mg, 1.28 mmol) and Dppp (528 mg, 1.28mmol) were added to form a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture wasflushed with nitrogen gas. The nitrogen atmosphere was removed andreplaced by a carbon monoxide atmosphere. The reaction mixture wasstirred while heating to 72° C. and stirred at this temperature for 35minutes. The reaction mixture was then to cooled to about 25° C. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure to provide a residue. Theresidue was purified by column chromatography on a silica gel column,using a gradient of from 2:98 to 99:1 (by volume) EtOAc:hexane as aneluent, to provide 1.2 g of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound M2(a) as awhite solid.

The structure of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound M2(a) was confirmed by¹H-NMR and mass spectrometry.

Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound M2(a): ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD) δ: 8.66-8.60 (m,1H), 8.40-8.33 (m, 1H), 8.12-7.96 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.36 (m, 1H), 6.95-6.82(m, 2H), 4.26-4.18 (m, 2H), 3.73-3.64 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.57 (m, 2H); MS:m/z=367.

5.38 Example 38 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAY34(a)

Compound Y34(a) was prepared according to Example 3, except that2-chloro-3-fluoropyridine was used in place of 2,3-dichloropyridine.

5.39 Example 39 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAN34(a)

Compound N34(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that4-(trifluoromethyl)-N-methylbenzenamine was used in place of4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

5.40 Example 40 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAA45(a)

Compound A45(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that2-(4-aminophenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol was used in place of4-(tert-butyl) aniline.

5.41 Example 41 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAA226(a)

Compound A226(a) was prepared according to Example 3, except that2-chloro-3-bromopyridine was used in place of 2,3-dichloropyridine.

5.42 Example 42 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAL8(a)

Compound L8(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that3-chloro-4-trifluoromethoxy aniline was used in place of 4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

5.43 Example 43 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAA116(a)

Compound A116(a) was prepared according to Example 33, except that4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl amine was used in place of5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl amine.

5.44 Example 44 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAA118(a)

Compound A118(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that4-(1,1-dimethyl-pentyl)phenyl amine was used in place of 4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

5.45 Example 45 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAA120(a)

Compound A120(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that4-(piperidin-1-yl)benzenamine was used in place of 4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

5.46 Example 46 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAL6(a)

Compound L6(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that3-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl amine was used in place of4-(tert-butyl) aniline.

5.47 Example 47 SYNTHESIS OF A CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUND OF FORMULAA47(a)

Compound A47(a) was prepared according to Example 1, except that2-(4-aminophenyl)-2-methylpropionic acid ethyl ester was used in placeof 4-(tert-butyl)aniline.

5.48 Example 48 BINDING OF CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUNDS TO mGluR5

The following assay can be used to demonstrate that Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompounds bind to and modulate the activity of mGluR5.

Cell cultures: Primary glial cultures are prepared from cortices ofSprague-Dawley 18 days old embryos. The cortices are dissected and thendissociated by trituration. The resulting cell homogenate is plated ontopoly-D-lysine precoated T175 flasks (BIOCOAT, commercially availablefrom Becton Dickinson and Company Inc. of Franklin Lakes, N.J.) inDulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (“DMEM,” pH 7.4), buffered with 25 mMHEPES, and supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum (“FCS,” commerciallyavailable from Hyclone Laboratories Inc. of Omaha, Nebr.), and incubatedat 37° C. and 5% CO₂. After 24 hours, FCS supplementation is reduced to10%. On day six, oligodendrocytes and microglia are removed by stronglytapping the sides of the flasks. One day following this purificationstep, secondary astrocyte cultures are established by subplating onto 96poly-D-lysine precoated T175 flasks (BIOCOAT) at a density of 65,000cells/well in DMEM and 10% FCS. After 24 hours, the astrocytes arewashed with serum free medium and then cultured in DMEM, withoutglutamate, supplemented with 0.5% FCS, 20 mM HEPES, 10 ng/mL epidermalgrowth factor (“EGF”), 1 mM sodium pyruvate, and 1×penicillin/streptomycin at pH 7.5 for 3 to 5 days at 37° C. and 5% CO₂,The procedure allows the expression of the mGluR5 receptor byastrocytes, as demonstrated by S. Miller et al., J. Neurosci.15(9):6103-6109 (1995).

Assay Protocol: After 3-5 days incubation with EGF, the astrocytes arewashed with 127 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM MgCl₂, 700 mM NaH₂PO₄, 2 mMCaCl₂, 5 mM NaHCO₃, 8 mM HEPES, 10 mM Glucose at pH 7.4 (“Assay Buffer”)and loaded with the dye Fluo-4 (commercially available from MolecularProbes Inc. of Eugene, Oreg.) using 0.1 mL of Assay Buffer containingFluo-4 (3 mM final). After 90 minutes of dye loading, the cells are thenwashed twice with 0.2 mL Assay Buffer and resuspended in 0.1 mL of AssayBuffer. The plates containing the astrocytes are then transferred to aFluorometric Imaging Plate reader (commercially available from MolecularDevices Corporation of Sunnyvale, Calif.) for the assessment of calciummobilization flux in the presence of glutamate and in the presence orabsence of antagonist. After monitoring fluorescence for 15 seconds toestablish a baseline, DMSO solutions containing various concentrationsof a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound diluted in Assay Buffer (0.05 mL of4× dilutions for competition curves) are added to the cell plate andfluorescence is monitored for 2 minutes. 0.05 mL of a 4× glutamatesolution (agonist) is then added to each well to provide a finalglutamate concentration in each well of 10 mM. Plate fluorescence isthen monitored for an additional 60 seconds after agonist addition. Thefinal DMSO concentration in the assay s is 1.0%. In each experiment,fluorescence is monitored as a function of time and the data analyzedusing Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism. Dose-response curves are fitusing a non-linear regression to determine IC₅₀ value. In eachexperiment, each data point is determined two times.

5.49 Example 49 IN VIVO ASSAYS FOR PREVENTION OR TREATMENT OF PAIN

Test Animals: Each experiment uses rats weighing between 200-260 g atthe start of the experiment. The rats are group-housed and have freeaccess to food and water at all times, except prior to oraladministration of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound when food is removedfor 16 hours before dosing. A control group acts as a comparison to ratstreated with a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound. The control group isadministered the carrier for the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound. Thevolume of carrier administered to the control group is the same as thevolume of carrier and Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound administered to thetest group.

Acute Pain: To assess the actions of the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compoundsfor the treatment or prevention of acute pain the rat tail flick testcan be used. Rats are gently restrained by hand and the tail exposed toa focused beam of radiant heat at a point 5 cm from the tip using a tailflick unit (Model 7360, commercially available from Ugo Basile ofItaly). Tail flick latencies are defined as the interval between theonset of the thermal stimulus and the flick of the tail. Animals notresponding within 20 seconds are removed from the tail flick unit andassigned a withdrawal latency of 20 seconds. Tail flick latencies aremeasured immediately before (pre-treatment) and 1, 3, and 5 hoursfollowing administration of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound. Data areexpressed as tail flick latency(s) and the percentage of the maximalpossible effect (% MPE), i.e., 15 seconds, is calculated as follows:

${\% \mspace{14mu} M\; P\; E} = {\frac{\left\lbrack {\left( {{post}\mspace{14mu} {administration}{\; \; \;}{latency}} \right) - \left( {{pre}\text{-}{administration}\mspace{14mu} {latency}} \right)} \right\rbrack}{\left( {20\mspace{14mu} s\mspace{14mu} {pre}\text{-}{administation}\mspace{14mu} {latency}} \right)} \times 100}$

The rat tail flick test is described in F. E. D'Amour et al., “A Methodfor Determining Loss of Pain Sensation,” J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.72:74-79 (1941).

Acute pain can also be assessed by measuring the animal's response tonoxious mechanical stimuli by determining the paw withdrawal threshold(“PWT”), as described below.

Inflammatory Pain: To assess the actions of the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompounds for the treatment or prevention of inflammatory pain theFreund's complete adjuvant (“FCA”) model of inflammatory pain is used.FCA-induced inflammation of the rat hind paw is associated with thedevelopment of persistent inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia andprovides reliable prediction of the anti-hyperalgesic action ofclinically useful analgesic drugs (L. Bartho et al., “Involvement ofCapsaicin-sensitive Neurones in Hyperalgesia and Enhanced OpioidAntinociception in Inflammation,” Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives ofPharmacol. 342:666-670 (1990)). The left hind paw of each animal isadministered a 50 μL intraplantar injection of 50% FCA. 24 hour postinjection, the animal is assessed for response to noxious mechanicalstimuli by determining the PWT, as described below. Rats are thenadministered a single injection of 1, 3, 10 or 30 mg/Kg of either aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound; 30 mg/Kg of a control selected fromCelebrex, indomethacin or naproxen; or carrier. Responses to noxiousmechanical stimuli are then determined 1, 3, 5 and 24 hours postadministration. Percentage reversal of hyperalgesia for each animal isdefined as:

${\% \mspace{14mu} {Reversal}} = {\frac{\left\lbrack {\left( {{post}\mspace{14mu} {administration}\mspace{14mu} P\; W\; T} \right) - \left( {{pre}\text{-}{administration}\mspace{14mu} P\; W\; T} \right)} \right\rbrack}{\left\lbrack {\left( {{basline}\mspace{14mu} P\; W\; T} \right) - \left( {{pre}\text{-}{administration}\mspace{14mu} P\; W\; T} \right)} \right\rbrack} \times 100}$

Neuropathic Pain: To assess the actions of the Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompounds for the treatment or prevention of neuropathic pain either theSeltzer model or the Chung model can be used.

In the Seltzer model, the partial sciatic nerve ligation model ofneuropathic pain is used to produce neuropathic hyperalgesia in rats (Z.Seltzer et al., “A Novel Behavioral Model of Neuropathic Pain DisordersProduced in Rats by Partial Sciatic Nerve Injury,” Pain 43:205-218(1990)). Partial ligation of the left sciatic nerve is performed underisoflurane/O₂ inhalation anaesthesia. Following induction of anesthesia,the left thigh of the rat is shaved and the sciatic nerve exposed athigh thigh level through a small incision and is carefully cleared ofsurrounding connective tissues at a site near the trocanther just distalto the point at which the posterior biceps semitendinosus nerve branchesoff of the common sciatic nerve. A 7-0 silk suture is inserted into thenerve with a 3/8 curved, reversed-cutting mini-needle and tightlyligated so that the dorsal ⅓ to ½ of the nerve thickness is held withinthe ligature. The wound is closed with a single muscle suture (4-0 nylon(Vicryl)) and vetbond tissue glue. Following surgery, the wound area isdusted with antibiotic powder. Sham-treated rats undergo an identicalsurgical procedure except that the sciatic nerve is not manipulated.Following surgery, animals are weighed and placed on a warm pad untilthey recover from anesthesia. Animals are then returned to their homecages until behavioral testing begins. The animal is assessed forresponse to noxious mechanical stimuli by determining PWT, as describedbelow, prior to surgery (baseline), then immediately prior to and 1, 3,and 5 hours after drug administration for rear paw of the animal.Percentage reversal of neuropathic hyperalgesia is defined as:

${\% \mspace{14mu} {Reversal}} = {\frac{\left\lbrack {\left( {{post}\mspace{14mu} {administration}\mspace{14mu} P\; W\; T} \right) - \left( {{pre}\text{-}{administration}\mspace{14mu} P\; W\; T} \right)} \right\rbrack}{\left\lbrack {\left( {{basline}\mspace{14mu} P\; W\; T} \right) - \left( {{pre}\text{-}{administration}\mspace{14mu} P\; W\; T} \right)} \right\rbrack} \times 100}$

In the Chung model, the spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic painis used to produce mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia andtactile allodynia in rats. Surgery is performed under isoflurane/O₂inhalation anaesthesia. Following induction of anaesthesia a 3 cmincision is made and the left paraspinal muscles are separated from thespinous process at the L₄-S₂ levels. The L₆ transverse process iscarefully removed with a pair of small rongeurs to identify visually theL₄-L₆ spinal nerves. The left L₅ (or L₅ and L₆) spinal nerve(s) isisolated and tightly ligated with ^(silk) thread. A complete hemostasisis confirmed and the wound is sutured using non-absorbable sutures, suchas nylon sutures or stainless steel staples. Sham-treated rats undergoan identical surgical procedure except that the spinal nerve(s) is notmanipulated. Following surgery animals are weighed, administered asubcutaneous (s.c.) injection of saline or ringers lactate, the woundarea is dusted with antibiotic powder and they are kept on a warm paduntil they recover from the anesthesia. Animals are then be returned totheir home cages until behavioral testing begins. The animals areassessed for response to noxious mechanical stimuli by determining PWT,as described below, prior to surgery (baseline), then immediately priorto and 1, 3, and 5 hours after being administered a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound for the left rear paw of the animal. The animal can also beassessed for response to noxious thermal stimuli or for tactileallodynia, as described below. The Chung model for neuropathic pain isdescribed in S. H. Kim, “An Experimental Model for Peripheral NeuropathyProduced by Segmental Spinal Nerve Ligation in the Rat,” Pain50(3):355-363 (1992).

Response to Mechanical Stimuli as an Assessment of MechanicalHyperalgesia: The paw pressure assay can be used to assess mechanicalhyperalgesia. For this assay, hind paw withdrawal thresholds (PWT) to anoxious mechanical stimulus are determined using an analgesymeter (Model7200, commercially available from Ugo Basile of Italy) as described inC. Stein, “Unilateral Inflammation of the Hindpaw in Rats as a Model ofProlonged Noxious Stimulation: Alterations in Behavior and NociceptiveThresholds,” Pharmacol. Biochem. and Behavior 31:451-455 (1988). Themaximum weight that can be applied to the hind paw is set at 250 g andthe end point is taken as complete withdrawal of the paw. PWT isdetermined once for each rat at each time point and only the affected(ipsilateral) paw is tested.

Response to Thermal Stimuli as an Assessment of Thermal Hyperalgesia:The plantar test can be used to assess thermal hyperalgesia. For thistest, hind paw withdrawal latencies to a noxious thermal stimulus aredetermined using a plantar test apparatus (commercially available fromUgo Basile of Italy) following the technique described by K. Hargreaveset al., “A New and Sensitive Method for Measuring Thermal Nociception inCutaneous Hyperalgesia,” Pain 32(1):77-88 (1988). The maximum exposuretime is set at 32 seconds to avoid tissue damage and any directed pawwithdrawal from the heat source is taken as the end point Threelatencies are determined at each time point averaged. Only the affected(ipsilateral) paw is tested.

Assessment of Tactile Allodynia: To assess tactile allodynia, rats areplaced in clear, plexiglass compartments with a wire mesh floor andallowed to habituate for a period of at least 15 minutes. Afterhabituation, a series of von Frey monofilaments are presented to theplantar surface of the left (operated) foot of each rat. The series ofvon Frey monofilaments consists of six monofilaments of increasingdiameter, with the smallest diameter fiber presented first. Five trialsare conducted with each filament with each trial separated byapproximately 2 minutes. Each presentation lasts for a period of 4-8seconds or until a nociceptive withdrawal behavior is observed.Flinching, paw withdrawal or licking of the paw are considerednociceptive behavioral responses.

5.50 Example 50 IN VIVO ASSAYS FOR PREVENTION OR TREATMENT OF ANXIETY

The elevated plus maze test or the shock-probe burying test can be usedto assess the anxiolytic activity of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds inrats or mice.

The Elevated Plus Maze Test: The elevated plus maze consists of aplatform with 4 arms, two open and two closed (50×10×50 cm enclosed withan open roof). Rats (or mice) are placed in the center of the platform,at the crossroad of the 4 arms, facing one of the closed arms. Timespent in the open arms vs the closed arms and number of open arm entriesduring the testing period are recorded. This test is conducted prior todrug administration and again after drug administration. Test resultsare expressed as the mean time spent in open arms and the mean number ofentries into open arms. Known anxiolytic drugs increase both the timespent in open arms and number of open arm entries. The elevated plusmaze test is described in D. Treit, “Animal Models for the Study ofAnti-anxiety Agents: A Review,” Neurosci. & Biobehavioral Reviews9(2):203-222 (1985).

The Shock-Probe Burying Test: For the shock-probe burying test thetesting apparatus consists of a plexiglass box measuring 40×30×40 cm,evenly covered with approximately 5 cm of bedding material (odorabsorbent kitty litter) with a small hole in one end through which ashock probe (6.5 cm long and 0.5 cm in diameter) is inserted. Theplexiglass shock probe is helically wrapped with two copper wiresthrough which an electric current is administered. The current is set at2 mA. Rats are habituated to the testing apparatus for 30 min on 4consecutive days without the shock probe in the box. On test day, ratsare placed in one corner of the test chamber following drugadministration. The probe is not electrified until the rat touches itwith its snout or fore paws, at which point the rat receives a brief 2mA shock. The 15 min testing period begins once the rat receives itsfirst shock and the probe remains electrified for the remainder of thetesting period. The shock elicits burying behavior by the rat. Followingthe first shock, the duration of time the rat spends spraying beddingmaterial toward or over the probe with its snout or fore paws (buryingbehavior) is measured as well as the number of contact-induced shocksthe rat receives from the probe. Known anxiolytic drugs reduce theamount of burying behavior. In addition, an index of the rat'sreactivity to each shock is scored on a 4 point scale. The total timespent immobile during the 15 min testing period is used as an index ofgeneral activity. The shock-probe burying test is described in D. Treit,1985, supra.

5.51 Example 51 IN VIVO ASSAYS FOR PREVENTION OR TREATMENT OF ANADDICTIVE DISORDER

The conditioned place preference test or drug self-administration testcan be used to assess the ability of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds toattenuate the rewarding properties of known drugs of abuse.

The Conditioned Place Preference Test: The apparatus for the conditionedplace preference test consists of two large compartments (45×45×30 cm)made of wood with a plexiglass front wall. These two large compartmentsare distinctly different. Doors at the back of each large compartmentlead to a smaller box (36×18×20 cm) box made of wood, painted grey, witha ceiling of wire mesh. The two large compartments differ in terms ofshading (white vs black), level of illumination (the plexiglass door ofthe white compartment is covered with aluminum foil except for a windowof 7×7 cm), texture (the white compartment has a 3 cm thick floor board(40×40 cm) with nine equally spaced 5 cm diameter holes and the blackhas a wire mesh floor), and olfactory cues (saline in the whitecompartment and 1 mL of 10% acetic acid in the black compartment). Onhabituation and testing days, the doors to the small box remain open,giving the rat free access to both large compartments.

The first session that a rat is placed in the apparatus is a habituationsession and entrances to the smaller grey compartment remain open givingthe rat free access to both large compartments. During habituation, rategenerally show no preference for either compartment. Followinghabituation, rats are given 6 conditioning sessions. Rats are dividedinto 4 groups: carrier pre-treatment+carrier (control group),Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound pre-treatment+carrier, carrierpre-treatment+morphine, Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compoundpre-treatment+morphine. During each conditioning session the rat isinjected with one of the drug combinations and confined to onecompartment for 30 min. On the following day, the rat receives acarrier+carrier treatment and is confined to the other largecompartment. Each rat receives three conditioning sessions consisting of3 drug combination-compartment and 3 carrier-compartment pairings. Theorder of injections and the drug/compartment pairings arecounterbalanced within groups. On the test day, rats are injected priorto testing (30 min to 1 hour) with either morphine or carrier and therat is placed in the apparatus, the doors to the grey compartment remainopen and the rat is allowed to explore the entire apparatus for 20 min.The time spent in each compartment is recorded. Known drugs of abuseincrease the time spent in the drug-paired compartment during thetesting session. If the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound blocks theacquisition of morphine conditioned place preference (reward), therewill be no difference in time spent in each side in rats pre-treatedwith a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound and the group will not be differentfrom the group of rats that was given carrier+carrier in bothcompartments. Data will be analyzed as time spent in each compartment(drug combination-paired vs carrier-paired). Generally, the experimentis repeated with a minimum of 3 doses of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenylCompound.

The Drug Self-Administration Test: The apparatus for the drugself-administration test is a standard commercially available operantconditioning chamber. Before drug trials begin rats are trained to pressa lever for a food reward. After stable lever pressing behavior isacquired, rats are tested for acquisition of lever pressing for drugreward. Rats are implanted with chronically indwelling jugular cathetersfor i.v. administration of compounds and are allowed to recover for 7days before training begins. Experimental sessions are conducted dailyfor 5 days in 3 hour sessions. Rats are trained to self-administer aknown drug of abuse, such as morphine. Rats are then presented with twolevers, an “active” lever and an “inactive” lever. Pressing of theactive lever results in drug infusion on a fixed ratio 1 (FR1) schedule(i.e., one lever press gives an infusion) followed by a 20 second timeout period (signaled by illumination of a light above the levers).Pressing of the inactive lever results in infusion of excipient.Training continues until the total number of morphine infusionsstabilizes to within ±10% per session. Trained rats are then used toevaluate the effect of Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compounds pre-treatment ondrug self-administration. On test day, rats are pre-treated with aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound or excipient and then are allowed toself-administer drug as usual. If the Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compoundblocks the rewarding effects of morphine, rats pre-treated with theCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound will show a lower rate of respondingcompared to their previous rate of responding and compared to excipientpre-treated rats. Data is analyzed as the change in number of druginfusions per testing session (number of infusions during testsession—number of infusions during training session).

5.52 Example 52 FUNCTIONAL ASSAY FOR CHARACTERIZING mGluR1 ANTAGONISTICPROPERTIES

Functional assays for the characterization of mGluR 1 antagonisticproperties are well known in the art. For example, the followingprocedure can be used.

A CHO-rat mGluR1 cell line is generated using cDNA encoding rat mGluR1receptor (M. Masu and S. Nakanishi, Nature 349:760-765 (1991)). The cDNAencoding rat mGluR1 receptor can be obtained from, e.g., Prof. S.Nakanishi (Kyoto, Japan).

40,000 CHO-rat mGluR1 cells/well are plated into a COSTAR 3409, black,clear bottom, 96 well, tissue culture treated plate (commerciallyavailable from Fisher Scientific of Chicago, Ill.) and are incubated inDulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM, pH 7.4) supplemented withglutamine, 10% FBS, 1% Pen/Strep, and 500 μg/mL Geneticin for about 12h. The CHO-rat mGluR1 cells are then washed and treated with OPTIMEMmedium (commercially available from Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) andincubated for a time period ranging from 1 to 4 hours prior to loadingthe cells with the dye FLUO-4 (commercially available from MolecularProbes Inc., Eugene, Oreg.). After incubation, the cell plates arewashed with loading buffer (127 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM MgCl₂, 700 μM,NaH₂PO₄, 2 mM CaCl₂, 5 mMNaHCO₃, 8 mM HEPES, and 10 mM glucose, pH 7.4)and incubated with 3 μM FLUO-4 in 0.1 mL loading buffer for 90 min. Thecells are then washed twice with 0.2 mL loading buffer, resuspended in0.1 mL of loading buffer, and transferred to a Fluorometric ImagingPlate Reader (“FLIPR”) (commercially available from Molecular DevicesCorp., Sunnyvale, Calif.) for measurement of calcium mobilization fluxin the presence of glutamate and in the presence or absence of aCyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound.

To measure calcium mobilization flux, fluoresence is monitored for about15 s to establish a baseline and DMSO solutions containing variousconcentrations of a Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound ranging from about 50μM to about 0.8 nM diluted in loading buffer (0.05 mL of a 4× dilution)are added to the cell plate and fluoresence is monitored for about 2min. 0.05 mL of a 4× glutamate solution (agonist) is then added to eachwell to provide a final glutamate concentration in each well of 10 μMand fluoresence is monitored for about 1 additional min. The final DMSOconcentration in the assay is 1%. In each experiment fluoresence ismonitored as a function of time and the data is analyzed using anon-linear regression to determine the IC₅₀ value. In each experimenteach data point is determined twice.

5.53 Example 53 BINDING OF CYCLO(HETERO)ALKENYL COMPOUNDS TO VR1

Methods for demonstrating a compound's ability to inhibit VR1 are knownto those skilled in the art, for example, those methods disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 6,239,267 to Duckworth et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,406,908 toMcIntyre et al.; or U.S. Pat. No. 6,335,180 to Julius et al.

Binding of Compound A77(a) to VR1: Assay Protocol

Human VR1 cloning. Human spinal cord RNA (commercially available fromClontech, Palo Alto, Calif.) was used. Reverse transcription wasconducted on 1.0 μg total RNA using Thermoscript Reverse Transcriptase(commercially available from Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) and oligo dTprimers as detailed in its product description. Reverse transcriptionreactions were incubated at 55° C. for 1 h, heat-inactivated at 85° C.for 5 min, and RNase H-treated at 37° C. for 20 min.

Human VR1 cDNA sequence was obtained by comparison of the human genomicsequence, prior to annotation, to the published rat sequence. Intronsequences were removed and flanking exonic sequences were joined togenerate the hypothetical human cDNA. Primers flanking the coding regionof human VR1 were designed as follows: forward primer,AAGATCTTCGCTGGTTGCACACTGGGCCACA; and reverse primer,GAAGATCTTCGGGGACAGTGACGGTTGGATGT.

PCR of VR1 was performed on one tenth of the Reverse transcriptionreaction mixture using Expand Long Template Polymerase and Expand Buffer2 in a final volume of 50 μL according to the manufacturer'sinstructions (Roche Applied Sciences, Indianapolis, Ind.). Afterdenaturation at 94° C. for 2 min PCR amplification was performed for 25cycles at 94° C. for 15 sec, 58° C. for 30 sec, and 68° C. for 3 minfollowed by a final incubation at 72° C. for 7 min to complete theamplification. A PCR product of ˜2.8 kb was gel-isolated using a 1.0%agarose, Tris-Acetate gel containing 1.6 μg/mL of crystal violet andpurified with a S.N.A.P. UV-Free Gel Purification Kit (commerciallyavailable from Invitrogen). The VR1 PCR product was cloned into thepIND/V5-His-TOPO vector (commercially available from Invitrogen)according to the manufacturer's instructions. DNA preparations,restriction enzyme digestions, and preliminary DNA sequencing wereperformed according to standard protocols. Full-length sequencingconfirmed the identity of the human VR1.

Generation of inducible cell lines. Unless noted otherwise, cell culturereagents were purchased from Life Technologies of Rockville, MD.HEK293-EcR cells expressing the ecdysone receptor (commerciallyavailable from Invitrogen) were cultured in Growth Medium (Dulbecco'sModified Eagles Medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (commerciallyavailable from HYCLONE, Logan, Utah), 1× penicillin/streptomycin, 1×glutamine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate and 400 μg/mL Zeocin (commerciallyavailable from Invitrogen)). The VR1-pIND constructs were transfectedinto the HEK293-EcR cell line using Fugene transfection reagent(commercially available from Roche Applied Sciences, Basel,Switzerland). After 48 h, cells were transferred to Selection Medium(Growth Medium containing 300 μg/mL G418 (commercially available fromInvitrogen)). Approximately 3 weeks later individual Zeocin/G418resistant colonies were isolated and expanded. To identify functionalclones, multiple colonies were plated into 96-well plates and expressionwas induced for 48 h using Selection Medium supplemented with 5 μMponasterone A (“PonA”) (commercially available from Invitrogen). On theday of assay, cells were loaded with Fluo-4 (a calcium-sensitive dyethat is commercially available from Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oreg.) andCAP-mediated calcium influx was measured using a FLIPR as describedbelow. Functional clones were re-assayed, expanded, and cryopreserved.

pH-Based Assay. Two days prior to performing this assay, cells wereseeded on poly-D-lysine-coated 96-well clear-bottom black plates(commercially available from Becton-Dickinson) at 75,000 cells/well ingrowth media containing 5 μM PonA (commercially available fromInvitrogen) to induce expression. On the day of the assay, the plateswere washed with 0.2 mL 1× Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (commerciallyavailable from Life Technologies) containing 1.6 mM CaCl₂ and 20 mMHEPES, pH 7.4 (“wash buffer”), and loaded using 0.1 mL of wash buffercontaining Fluo-4 (3 μM final concentration, commercially available fromMolecular Probes). After 1 h, the cells were washed twice with 0.2 mLwash buffer and resuspended in 0.05 mL 1× Hank's Balanced Salt Solution(commercially available from Life Technologies) containing 3.5 mM CaCl₂and 10 mM Citrate, pH 7.4 (“assay buffer”). Plates were then transferredto a FLIPR for assay. Compound A77(a) was diluted in assay buffer, and50 mL of the resultant solution were added to the cell plates and thesolution monitored for two minutes. The final concentration of CompoundA77(a) ranged from about 50 pM to about 3 μM. Agonist buffer (washbuffer titrated with 1N HCl to provide a solution having a pH of 5.5when mixed 1:1 with assay buffer) (0.1 mL) was then added to each well,and the plates were incubated for 1 additional min. Data were collectedover the entire time course and analyzed using Excel and Graph PadPrism. Compound A77(a) when assayed according to this protocol had anIC₅₀ of 148.1 nM.

Capsaicin-based Assay. Two days prior to performing this assay, cellswere seeded in poly-D-lysine-coated 96-well clear-bottom black plates(50,000 cells/well) in growth media containing 5 μM PonA (commerciallyavailable from Invitrogen) to induce expression. On the day of theassay, the plates were washed with 0.2 mL 1× Hank's Balanced SaltSolution (commercially available from Life Technologies) containing 1 mMCaCl₂ and 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, and cells were loaded using 0.1 mL ofwash buffer containing Fluo-4 (3 μM final). After one h, the cells werewashed twice with 0.2 mL of wash buffer and resuspended in 0.1 mL ofwash buffer. The plates were transferred to a FLIPR for assay. 50 μL ofCompound A77(a) diluted with assay buffer were added to the cell platesand incubated for 2 min. The final concentration of Compound A77(a)ranged from about 50 pM to about 3 μM. Human VR1 was activated by theaddition of 50 μL of capsaicin (400 nM), and the plates were incubatedfor an additional 3 min. Data were collected over the entire time courseand analyzed using Excel and GraphPad Prism. Compound A77(a) whenassayed _(according) ^(to) this protocol had an IC₅₀ of 4.4 nM.

The results of the pH-based assay and the capsaicin-based assaydemonstrate that

Compound A77(a), an illustrative Cyclo(hetero)alkenyl Compound, binds toand modulates the activity of human VR1 and, accordingly, is useful fortreating or preventing pain, UI, an ulcer, IBD or IBS.

The present invention is not to be limited in scope by the specificembodiments disclosed in the examples which are intended asillustrations of a few aspects of the invention and any embodiments thatare functionally equivalent are within the scope of this invention.Indeed, various modifications of the invention in addition to thoseshown and described herein will become apparent to those skilled in theart and are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

A number of references have been cited, the entire disclosures of whichare incorporated herein by reference.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; and s is 0.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Cl; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —Br; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; R₈ s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CH₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is -halo.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R, is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈is —Br.

In another embodiment, Ar¹ is a pyridyl group; V is N; n is 0; m is 0;R, is —F; Ar² is a benzothiazolyl group; s is 1; and R₈ is —Br.

LENGTHY TABLES The patent application contains a lengthy table section.A copy of the table is available in electronic form from the USPTO website(http://seqdata.uspto.gov/?pageRequest=docDetail&DocID=US20110152324A1).An electronic copy of the table will also be available from the USPTOupon request and payment of the fee set forth in 37 CFR 1.19(b)(3).

1. A compound of formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ar¹ is

Ar² is

V is N or CH; X is O or S; Y₁ and Y₂ are —CH₂— and —CH₂—, —O— and —O—,—NH— and —NH—, —S— and —S—, —CH₂— and —O—, —CH₂— and —NH—, —CH₂— and—S—, —O— and —CH₂—, —NH— and —CH₂—, —S— and —CH₂—, —O— and —NH—, —NH—and —O—, —S— and —NH—, or —NH— and —S— respectively; R₁ is —H, -halo,—(C₁-C₄)alkyl, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, —NH₂, C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or—CH₂(halo); each R₂ is independently: (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or—NH₂, (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,—(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl,—(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to 7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more R₅ groups, or (c) -phenyl, -naphthyl,—(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to 10-membered)heteroaryl, each of which isunsubstituted or substituted with one or more R₆ groups; each R₃ isindependently: (a) -halo, —CN, —OH, —NO₂, or —NH₂, (b) —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl,—(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to 10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, eachof which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R₅ groups, or(c) -phenyl, -naphthyl, —(C₁₄)aryl or -(5- to 10-membered) heteroaryl,each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R₆groups; R₄ is —H or —(C₁-C₆)alkyl; each R₅ is independently —CN, —OH,—(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂,—N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇,—SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇; each R₆ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,—(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3- to 5-membered)heterocycle,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇; each R₇ is independently —H, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,—(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, -(3- to 5-membered)heterocycle,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or CH₂(halo); each R₈ is independently —H,—(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,—(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN,—OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇,—OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, —S(O)₂R₇, —R₇OR₇, —R₇COR₇,—R₇C(O)OR₇, —R₇OC(O)R₇, —R₇OC(O)OR₇, —R₇SR₇, —R₇S(O)R₇, —R₇S(O)₂R₇,—C(halo)₂C(halo)₃, —C(halo)₂CH(halo)₂, —CH(C(halo)₃)₂,—CH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —OC(halo)₂C(halo)₃, —OC(halo)₂CH(halo)₂,—OCH(C(halo)₃)₂, —OCH(C(halo)₃)(CH₃), —C(OH)(CF₃)₂, —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, or-(3- to 7-membered)heterocycle; each R₉ is independently —H, -halo or—(C₁-C₆)alkyl; each R₁₁ is independently —CN, —OH, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇,—NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, or —OC(O)OR₇; each halo isindependently —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; m is 0 or 1 and when m is 1, R₃ isattached to the 2-, 3-, 5-, or 6-position of the cyclo(hetero)alkenylring; n is an integer ranging from 0 to 3; p is an integer ranging from0 to 2; q is an integer ranging from 0 to 6; r is an integer rangingfrom 0 to 5; and s is an integer ranging from 0 to
 4. 2. The compound ofclaim 1, wherein Ar² is


3. The compound of claim 1, wherein Ar¹ is


4. (canceled)
 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein each R₈ isindependently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkynyl,—(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, —C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇,—NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or—S(O)₂R₇.
 6. (canceled)
 7. The compound of claim 3, wherein each R₈ isindependently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkynyl,—(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl, —C(halo)₃,—CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂, —CH═NR₇,—NR₇OH, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)R₇, —SR₇, —S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇.8. The compound of claim 4, wherein R₄ is —H; R₁ is —H, -halo, —CH₃,—NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OCH₃, —NH₂, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or —CH₂(halo); andeach R₈ is independently —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —(C₂-C₆)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₈)cycloalkenyl, -phenyl,—C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, —CH₂(halo), —CN, —OH, -halo, —N₃, —NO₂, —N(R₇)₂,—CH═NR₇, —NR₇OH, —OR₇, —COR₇, —C(O)OR₇, —OC(O)R₇, —OC(O)OR₇, —SR₇,—S(O)R₇, or —S(O)₂R₇. 9-156. (canceled)
 157. The compound of claim 8,wherein n or p is 1 and R₂ is —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl,—(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C ₁₄)bicycloalkenyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to 7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more R₅ groups.
 158. The compound of claim 8,wherein X is O.
 159. The compound of claim 158, wherein Ar¹ is pyridyl;n is 1 and R₂ is —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl,—(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl, —(C₈-C ₁₄)bicycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl,—(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to 7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, each of which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with one or more R₅ groups.
 160. The compound of claim 158,wherein m is 0; n is 0; V is N; and Ar¹ is


161. The compound of claim 160, wherein R₁ is Cl, Ar² is


162. The compound of claim 161, wherein r is 1 and R₈ is halo or—(C₁-C₆)alkyl.
 163. The compound of claim 162, wherein Ar² issubstituted in the 4-position.
 164. The compound of claim 163, whereinthe —(C₁-C₆)alkyl is tert-butyl group.
 165. The compound of claim 163,wherein R₈ is halo.
 166. The compound of claim 158, wherein n is 0, m is1, R₁ is —CH₃, and Ar¹ is pyridyl.
 167. The compound of claim 166,wherein Ar² is


168. The compound of claim 167, wherein r is 1 and R₈ is halo or—(C₁-C₆)alkyl.
 169. The compound of claim 167, wherein the —(C₁-C₆)alkylis tert-butyl group and Ar² is substituted at 4-position.
 170. Thecompound of claim 167, wherein R₈ is halo.
 171. The compound of claim158, wherein Ar¹ is

Ar² is


172. The compound of claim 171, wherein n is 1 and R₂ is —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl,—(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to 10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, eachof which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R₅ groups.173. The compound of claim 171, wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; n is0; r is 1 and R₈ is -halo.
 174. The compound of claim 171, wherein R₁ is—F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; n is 0; r is 1 and R₈ is
 175. The compound of claim171, wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; n is 0; r is 1 and R₈ is-tert-butyl.
 176. The compound of claim 171, wherein R₁ is —CF_(3;) n is0; r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl.
 177. The compound of claim 171, whereinR₁ is —CH₃; n is 0; r is 1 and R₈ is -halo.
 178. The compound of claim171, wherein R₁ is —CF₃; n is 0; r is 1 and R₈ is -halo.
 179. Thecompound of claim 171, wherein R₁ is —CF₃; n is 0; r is 1 and R₈ is—CH₃.
 180. The compound of claim 171, wherein n is 0; m is 0; R₁ is—CH₃; r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃.
 181. The compound of claim 171, wherein R,is —CF₃; n is 0; r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃.
 182. The compound of claim 171,wherein R₁ is —CH₃, n is 0; r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl.
 183. Thecompound of claim 1, wherein V is N; m is 0; n is 0, Ar¹ is

and R₁ is —Cl or —CH₃.
 184. The compound of claim 183, wherein R₁ is—Cl.
 185. The compound of claim 184, wherein Ar² is


186. The compound of claim 185, wherein r is 1 and R₈ is -halo or a—(C₁-C₆)alkyl.
 187. The compound of claim 186, wherein the Ar² issubstituted in the 4-position.
 188. The compound of claim 187, whereinthe —(C₁-C₆)alkyl group is a tent-butyl group.
 189. The compound ofclaim 187, wherein R₈ is -halo.
 190. The compound of claim 189, whereinR₈ is —F.
 191. The compound of claim 158, wherein Ar¹ is

Ar² is

wherein V is N, r is 1, n is zero, m is zero, R₁ is H, halo, CH₃, CF₃,CHF₂, OH, NO₂, or CN; R₈ is H, Cl, Br, I, CH₃, C₃₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkoxy,cyclohexyl, CF₃, CH₂CF₃, or OCF₃; and R₈ is connected at the 4-positionof the phenyl ring.
 192. The compound of claim 158, wherein Ar¹ is

and Ar² is


193. The compound of claim 192, wherein n is 1 and R₂ is —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl,—(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to 10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, eachof which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R₅ groups.194. The compound of claim 192, wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; n is0; s is 1 and R₈ is -halo.
 195. The compound of claim 192, wherein R₁ is—CH₃; n is 0; s is 1 and R₈ is -halo.
 196. The compound of claim 192,wherein R₁ is —CF₃; n is 0; s is 1 and R₈ is -halo.
 197. The compound ofclaim 192, wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; n is 0; s is 1 and R₈ is—CH₃.
 198. The compound of claim 192, wherein R₁ is —CH₃; n is 0; s is 1and R₈ is —CH₃.
 199. The compound of claim 192, wherein R₁ is —CF₃; n is0; s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃.
 200. The compound of claim 192, wherein R₁ is—F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; n is 0; s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃.
 201. The compound ofclaim 192, wherein R₁ is —CH₃; n is 0; s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃.
 202. Thecompound of claim 192, wherein R₁ is —CF₃; n is 0; s is 1 and R₈ is—CF₃.
 203. The compound of claim 192, wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I;n is 0; s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃.
 204. The compound of claim 192,wherein R₁ is —CH₃; n is 0; s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃.
 205. The compoundof claim 192, wherein R₁ is —CF₃; n is 0; s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃. 206.The compound of claim 192, wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; n is 0; sis 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl.
 207. The compound of claim 192, wherein R₁is —CF₃; n is 0; s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl.
 208. The compound ofclaim 160, wherein Ar² is


209. The compound of claim 208, wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; s is1 and R₈ is -halo.
 210. The compound of claim 208, wherein R₁ is —F,—Cl, —Br, or —I; s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃.
 211. The compound of claim 208,wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; and R₈ is -tert-butyl.
 212. Thecompound of claim 208, wherein R₁ is —CF₃; s is 1 and R₈ is -halo. 213.The compound of claim 208, wherein R₁ is —CF₃; s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃.214. The compound of claim 208, wherein R₁ is —CF₃, s is 1 and R₈ is-tert-butyl.
 215. The compound of claim 208, wherein R₁ is —CH₃; s is 1and R₈ is -halo.
 216. The compound of claim 208, wherein R₁ is —CF₃; sis 1 and R₈ is —CH₃.
 217. The compound of claim 208, wherein R₁ is —CH₃;s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃.
 218. The compound of claim 208, wherein R₁ is—CH₃, s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl.
 219. The compound of claim 158,wherein V is CH; m is 0; Ar¹ is

and Ar² is


220. The compound of claim 219, wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; s is1; n is 0; and R₈ is -halo.
 221. The compound of claim 219, wherein R₁is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; s is 1; n is 0; and R₈ is —CF₃.
 222. Thecompound of claim 219, wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; s is 1; n is0; and R₈ is -tert-butyl.
 223. The compound of claim 219, wherein R₁ is—CF₃; s is 1; n is 0; and R₈ is -halo.
 224. The compound of claim 219,wherein R₁ is —CF₃; s is 1; n is 0; and R₈ is —CF₃.
 225. The compound ofclaim 219, wherein R₁ is —CF₃; Ar² is s is 1; n is 0; and R₈ is-tert-butyl.
 226. The compound of claim 219, wherein R₁ is —CH₃; s is 1;n is 0; and R₈ is -halo.
 227. The compound of claim 219, wherein R₁ is—CF₃; s is 1; n is 0; and R₈ is —CH₃.
 228. The compound of claim 219,wherein R₁ is —CH₃; s is 1; n is 0; and R₈ is —CF₃.
 229. The compound ofclaim 219, wherein R₁ is —CH₃; s is 1; n is 0; and R₈ is -tert-butyl.230. The compound of claim 158, wherein V is CH; m is 0; Ar¹ is

and Ar² is


231. The compound of claim 230, wherein n is 1 and R₂ is—(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to 10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, eachof which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R₅ groups.232. The compound of claim 230, wherein R₁ is —CF₃; n is 0; r is 1 andR₈ is -halo.
 233. The compound of claim 230, wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br,or —I; n is 0; Ar² is r is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃.
 234. The compound of claim230, wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; n is 0; Ar² is r is 1 and R₈ is-halo.
 235. The compound of claim 230, wherein R₁ is —CH₃; n is 0; Ar²is r is 1 and R₈ is -halo.
 236. The compound of claim 230, wherein R₁ is—F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; n is 0; r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃.
 237. The compound ofclaim 230, wherein R₁ is —CH₃; n is 0; r is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃.
 238. Thecompound of claim 230, wherein R₁ is —CF₃; n is 0; r is 1 and R₈ is—CF₃.
 239. The compound of claim 230, wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I;n is 0; r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl.
 240. The compound of claim 230,wherein R₁ is —CF₃, n is 0; r is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl.
 241. Thecompound of claim 158, wherein V is CH; Ar¹ is

and Ar² is


242. The compound of claim 241, wherein n is 1 and R₂ is —(C₁-C₁₀)alkyl,—(C₂-C₁₀)alkenyl, —(C₂-C₁₀)alkynyl, —(C₃-C₁₀)cycloalkyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkyl, —(C₅-C₁₀)cycloalkenyl,—(C₈-C₁₄)bicycloalkenyl, —(C₈-C₁₄)tricycloalkenyl, -(3- to7-membered)heterocycle, or -(7- to 10-membered)bicycloheterocycle, eachof which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R₅ groups.243. The compound of claim 241, wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; s is1 and R₈ is -halo.
 244. The compound of claim 241, wherein R₁ is —CH₃; sis 1 and R₈ is -halo.
 245. The compound of claim 241, wherein R₁ is—CF₃; s is 1 and R₈ is -halo.
 246. The compound of claim 241, wherein R₁is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃.
 247. The compound ofclaim 241, wherein R₁ is —CF₃; s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₃.
 248. The compoundof claim 241, wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; s is 1 and R₈ is —CF₃.249. The compound of claim 241, wherein R₁ is —CH₃; s is 1 and R₈ is—CF₃.
 250. The compound of claim 241, wherein R₁ is —CF₃; s is 1 and R₈is —CF₃.
 251. The compound of claim 241, wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or—I; s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃.
 252. The compound of claim 241, wherein R₁is —CF₃; s is 1 and R₈ is —CH₂CF₃.
 253. The compound of claim 241,wherein R₁ is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; s is 1 and R₈ is -tert-butyl. 254.The compound of claim 241, wherein R₁ is —CF₃, s is 1 and R₈ is-tert-butyl.
 255. The compound of claim 158, wherein Ar¹ is

Ar² is

wherein V is N, r is 1, p is zero, R₁ is H, halo, CH₃, CF₃, CHF₂, OH,NO₂, or CN; R₈ is H, Cl, Br, I, CH₃, C₃₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₄ alkoxy,cyclohexyl, CF₃, CH₂CF₃, or OCF₃; and R₈ is connected at the 4-positionof the phenyl ring.
 256. The compound of claim 1, wherein V is N. 257.The compound of claim 256, wherein m is
 0. 258. The compound of claim 1,wherein V is CH.
 259. The compound of claim 258, wherein m is
 0. 260.The compound of claim 1, wherein Ar¹ is a pyridyl group.
 261. Thecompound of claim 1, wherein Ar² is


262. The compound of claim 261, wherein s is 0 or
 1. 263. The compoundof claim 1, wherein Ar² is


264. The compound of claim 263, wherein r is 0 or
 1. 265. The compoundof claim 1, wherein Ar² is


266. The compound of claim 265, wherein each R₈ is independently —H,halo, —(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —O(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —C(halo)₃, —CH(halo)₂, or—CH₂(halo).
 267. The compound of claim 266, wherein s is 0, 1 or
 2. 256.A composition comprising the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt of the compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier or excipient.
 257. A method for treating pain in an animal,comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an effectiveamount of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of thecompound of claim
 1. 258. A method for making the cyclo(hetero)alkenylcompound of claim 8, wherein V is N, comprising allowing a1-heteroaromatic-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid compoundto react with a compound of formula Ar²—NHR₄ to provide thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl compound.
 259. A method for making thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl compound of claim 8, wherein V is N, comprisingallowing a 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine-4-carboxylic acid amide compoundto react with a compound of formula Ar¹—Z to provide thecyclo(hetero)alkenyl compound; wherein Z is Cl, Br or I.